Socioeconomic factors have been identified as affecting all aspects of peoples' lives; and it is intricately linked to the demographic proce ss. They are strong predictors of infant and child health outcome in most developing countrie s. Thi s paper examined socioeconomic determinants of under-five children health outcome with data from a sample of 609 women of childbearing age in rural and urban areas of Abia State. The study utilized explanatory study de sign involving survey re search with a multistage sampling technique and a methodological triangulation of both quantitative and qualitative techniques was adopted in gathering the data. The respondents' age was 32.6±5. 8 years, 84.6% were married/living together, 55.0% had secondary education, while 42.7% were in paid/civil service jobs. Incidence of under-five mortality declined sharply a s mother's level of education increase s. Urban respondents who were in paid or civil service jobs had more incidence of under -five mortality compared to their rural counterparts. The likelihood of experiencing under-five morbidity and mortality signi ficantly reduced with higher levels of mother's education (Odds-Ratio (OR): 0.08) and increased with paid/civil service and farming/petty trading jobs (OR: 2.35 and OR: 2.08, respec tively). The outcome of an under-five child's health depends on socio-economic factors. Maternal socioeconomic factors cannot be employed as a proxy for general social and economic change, but must be examined as important forces in their own rights.
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