were analyzed using 4-color flow cytometry (FCM). We objectively determined reference ranges of 13 parameters related to CD34 ؉ cells with data from controls. InLGw/oRS patients, various abnormalities of CD34 ؉ cells-eg, decrease in CD34 ؉ B-cell precursors, aberrant expression or overexpression of various antigens on CD34 ؉ myeloblasts-were observed. We constructed a reproducible, flow cytometric scoring system for LGw/oRS diagnosis. High scores were observed in 16 of 27LGw/oRS patients, regardless of the presence or absence of chromosomal aberrations, but not in any of the 90 controls. Among LGw/oRS patients with chromosomal aberrations, patients with trisomy 8 or del20(q) had low FCM scores (P ؍ .002). As a result, most LGw/oRS patients were identified based on high FCM score, chromosomal aberration, or both.
Galectin-9 is an eosinophil chemoattractant produced by activated T lymphocytes. We have addressed expression of galectin-9 in normal human astrocytes in culture. Expression of galectin-9 mRNA and protein were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was found to enhance the galectin-9 expression in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Galectin-9 protein was detected in the membrane fraction, 105 000 x g precipitate, and immunofluorescent staining revealed diffuse cellular and perinuclear distributions. Dexamethasone pretreatment almost completely suppressed the production. We conclude that astrocytes produce galectin-9 in response to the stimulation with IL-1beta, and this may contribute to inflammatory reactions in the CNS.
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