Although the number of Japanese children raised overseas has been increasing and many steps have been taken to ease reentry for them, the consequences of these efforts are not clear. Japanese parents who sojourn abroad with their children are still left to a trial and error approach when it comes to their children's education and socialization. This study examined what factors predict the various social and psychological outcomes of the ''returnee experience.'' Based on previous work, 27 dependent variables were employed to assess the types of social and psychological consequences experienced by returnees; they were reduced to nine factors by factor analysis. Also, 31 variables that previous literature suggested influenced these experiences were measured; factor analysis reduced them to 10 factors. A backward multiple regression was then conducted on each of the nine dependent factors. Results showed that communication with parents, recency of return and special provisions were key to capturing positive outcomes.

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This paper, which is authored by members of the Japanese Association of Family Therapy (JAFT), describes the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan from a family systems perspective. The authors are active members of JAFT and include current and past presidents and officers. We describe the course of the pandemic and the ways in which government policies to mitigate the pandemic have affected Japanese families. Challenges that affect Japanese families include the inability to participate in family and social rituals, prescribed gender roles that specifically affect women, high suicide rates, and prejudice against those who are at risk of spreading the infection. The need to shelter in place has also forced family homes to function as a workplace for parents, classrooms for children, and day care services for frail elders, which has resulted in psychological distress among individuals and conflicts among families. We discuss ways that therapists have worked with Japanese families using online therapy.