After winning World War II, the United States (US) tried to spread its hegemony in almost all aspects, including culture. Starbucks has become the biggest MNC belong to the US that spreads western culture in Indonesia. Starbucks, with its 326 outlets in Indonesia, has brought its new value to Indonesian society. In this paper, the writer would like to analyze the response of Indonesians in dealing with the cultural hegemony that Starbucks brings as the representation of the American culture. This paper uses library research as the data collection method and qualitative method in analyzing the data. The writer analyzes this case by applying the circuit of culture theory, which consists of 5 aspects: production, consumption, regulation, representation, and identity. The writer will focus on how local coffee shops adopt the management and production process from Starbucks applied in their coffee shops. The creativity of Indonesians has made new cultures are quickly adopted. The advent of Starbucks in Indonesia had stimulated the establishment of local coffee shops that are not less competitive with Starbucks as the giant coffee shop corporation. The local coffee shops can give a unique experience in enjoying a coffee just like Starbucks with its “Starbucks Experience”. The local coffee shops also can provide not only coffee, but also other products that might take the interest of customers. The local coffee shops are able to imitate, and modify Starbucks concept in local versions.Keywords: Starbucks; circuit of culture; production; local coffee; coffee culture
Aktor-aktor non-negara dalam Hubungan Internasional memiliki kekuatan ekonomi, politik, dan sosial yang memiliki pengaruh dalam level nasional dan internasional. Tulisan ini akan fokus membahas salah satu aktor non-negara yaitu MNCs dengan mengambil studi kasus Starbucks. Starbucks merupakan salah satu MNCs yang berhasil menjadi coffee shop nomor satu dan pada tahun 2018 tercatat memiliki 27.000 outlet yang tersebat di seluruh belahan dunia. Indonesia telah menjadi host country sejak tahun 2002 saat Starbucks pertama kali hadir di Indonesia berlokasi di Plaza Indonesia. Starbucks telah berkembang pesat dan pada tahun 2018 tercatat memiliki 326 outlet di 22 kota besar di Indonesia. Starbucks tidak hanya menjual kopi, tetapi memberikan kesan baru dalam menikmati kopi yang dikenal dengan “Starbucks experience”. Starbucks telah mempromosikan coffee culture sejak 1971. Di Indonesia, Starbucks telah berkontribusi terhadap transformasi budaya ngopi dari cara tradisional menjadi modern, dimana tempat ngopi dibuat sangat nyaman dimanjakan dengan berbagai fasilitas. Starbucks menjadi bagian dari modernisasi budaya ngopi di Indonesia yang telah mendorong kedai-kedai kopi untuk mencontoh manajemen dan pemasaran Starbucks serta memiliki sasaran konsumen yang lebih luas. Starbucks menciptakan berbagai inovasi terutama dalam varian rasa yang memungkinkan kopi bisa dinikmati oleh siapa saja tanpa mengenal umur. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis ingin menganalisis kedatangan Starbucks kaitannya dengan transformasi budaya ngopi di Indonesia menggunakan konsep milik Arjun Appandurai yaitu “5 dimensions of global cultural flow” dan menganalisis kegagalan Starbucks dalam menciptakan produk hibrid di Indonesia.
Protectionist policies towards Chinese trade aim to balance US trade with China. The United States has seen the Chinese economy which has expanded into the world and become a new emerging force, even the United States sees the Made in China plan in 2025. Amid during in a trade war with the United States, China must be able to survive to keep the economy stable and also to save Chinese interests. The purpose of this study is to discuss more the role of China in international trade amid during in a trade war between the United States, whether it will decline or continue to be improved because the two countries are trade partners that are interdependent to each other. The research method used is a qualitative method. The result of this research is the fact that China still has a role in international trade amid during in a trade war with the United States. The role was then carried out by China through a counter policy towards the United States and several collaborative supports with several countries. Thus, China's role in international trade did not decrease significantly amid during in a trade war.
The definition of terrorism, in general, is an act that is against the law or action that can be against the community and when it is planned to achieve political or religious goals. Initially, the resolution of terrorism was still national related to political struggles in countries where the government system was weak and the democratic politics were still fragile, such as in Colombo, Nepal, Syria, Somalia, Sudan, and other related countries in sub-Saharan Africa. After the events of 11 September 2001 in New York and Washington D.C. has made the issue of terrorism placed high on the international agenda. This change occurred because the events of 9/11 had befallen the United States. The United States is a country with an international system that requires US national security. The existence of 9/11 also caused complexity or complexity in resolving terrorism and who deserves to be approved as a terrorist in the United States context. This complexity occurs because of the difficulty in determining who, by whom, and for what acts of terrorism are carried out. Therefore, in this paper, a further study will be carried out on the complexity of the definition of terrorism in the United States and who deserves to be called a terrorist according to the United States version. To analyses the problem in this study, the authors used constructivism and the research method used was a qualitative research method.
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