A novel concept for assembling various chemical functions onto a single microfluidic device is proposed. The concept, called a capillary-assembled microchip, involves embedding chemically functionalized capillaries into a lattice microchannel network fabricated on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The network has the same channel dimensions as the outer dimensions of the capillaries. In this paper, we focus on square capillaries to be embedded into a PDMS microchannel network having a square cross section. The combination of hard glass square capillary and soft square PDMS channel allows successful fabrication of a microfluidic device without any solution leakage, and which can use diffusion-based two-solution mixing. Two different types of chemically modified capillaries, an ion-sensing capillary and a pH-sensing capillary, are prepared by coating a hydrophobic plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membrane and a hydrophilic poly(ethyleneglycol) membrane containing functional molecules onto the inner surface of capillaries. Then, they are cut into appropriate lengths and arranged on a single microchip to prepare a dual-analyte sensing system. The concept proposed here offers advantages inherent to using a planar microfluidic device and of chemical functionality of immobilized molecules. Therefore, we expect to fabricate various types of chemically functionalized microfluidic devices soon.
Purpose: To investigate the graft diameters and mechanical properties of hamstring tendons sutured using different materials and techniques. Methods: This study used 30 fresh, frozen human cadaveric semitendinosus tendons; the free ends of 10 specimens each were sutured by 2 No. 3 braided polyester sutures with the Krackow technique (BP group), SutureTape with the Krackow technique (ST group), or SutureTape Loop with the locking SpeedWhip technique (SL group). First, the changes in graft diameter from before suturing to after suturing were investigated. Each graft was pretensioned to 100 N for 3 cycles and then cyclically loaded to 200 N for 200 cycles. Elongation after cyclic loading and displacement in the 200th cycle were calculated. Finally, each specimen was loaded to failure. The ultimate failure load and stiffness were analyzed. These mechanical properties were statistically analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance. The level of statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results: In the BP group, the changes in graft diameter were significantly larger than those in the ST and SL groups (P ¼ .001). The elongation values after 200 cycles in the BP and ST groups were 3.1 AE 2.0 mm and 5.9 AE 3.4 mm, respectively. In the SL group, elongation (7.7 AE 3.6 mm) was significantly larger compared with that in the BP group (P ¼ .037). In contrast, displacement in the 200th cycle was significantly smaller in the ST and SL groups compared with the BP group (P ¼ .017). No statistically significant difference was evident for the ultimate failure loads among the 3 groups (P ¼ .543). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that SutureTape may be an appropriate option for preparing the hamstring graft in anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: This biomechanical study shows the effectiveness of SutureTape in ACL graft preparation. Clinically, SutureTape may be of benefit in single-or double-bundle ACL reconstruction.
The nano-arthroscopic ultrasound-guided ossicle excision technique is used in the management of an unresolved OsgoodÀSchlatter disease. The NanoScope is inserted slightly lateral to the proximal patella tendon and moved on between the ossicle and anterior surface of the proximal tibia under ultrasonographic guidance. The 5-mm skin incision is made as a working portal on the medial side of the proximal patella tendon. The proximal border of the ossicle is clearly identified after bursectomy. Then, the ossicles are removed piece by piece using a 2-mm arthroscopic punch. During the resection, the remaining ossicle is continuously confirmed by ultrasound. Finally, the complete excision of the ossicle is shown by the nano-arthroscopic view and ultrasound. The patient is allowed to have a full weight-bearing and an unrestricted range of motion on the day of surgery. Patients are permitted to resume their sports activities without any restriction after 6 weeks. This technique is recommended to athletes who suffer from painful unresolved OsgoodÀSchlatter disease because of the benefits of it being a minimally invasive surgery with an early postoperative recovery.
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