clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00610259.

(2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283, 33036 -33045). However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which GnT-III-Lm332 suppresses the normal biological functions of Lm332 remains to be elucidated. In this study, we show that galectin-3, which is a ␤-galactoside-binding protein, strongly bound to unmodified Lm332 but not to GnT-IIILm332 and that binding of galectin-3 was completely blocked by lactose. Exogenous galectin-3 significantly enhanced keratinocyte cell motility on control Lm332 but not on GnT-III-Lm332. A functional blocking antibody against galectin-3 inhibited Lm332-induced ␣3␤1 and ␣6␤4 integrin clustering and focal contact formation. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that galectin-3 associated with both ␤4 integrin and epidermal growth factor receptor, thereby cross-linking the two molecules. The associations were inhibited by either the presence of lactose or expression of GnT-III. Moreover, galectin-3 consistently enhanced ERK activation. Taken together, the results of this study are the first to clearly identify the molecular mechanism responsible for the inhibitory effects of GnT-III on extracellular matrix-integrin-meditated cell adhesion, migration, and signal transduction. The findings presented herein shed light on the importance of N-glycosylation-mediated supramolecular complex formation on the cell surface.Tissue maintenance requires that cells be in communication with the surrounding microenvironment. During both physical and pathological conditions, cells receive extracellular matrix (ECM) 2 -mediated signals via cell surface receptors, including cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation (1, 2). Significant research effort, using biochemical and genetic techniques, has advanced our understanding of how ECM signals are transduced and then translated into the cell. However, most studies have focused on the protein-protein interactions, namely on ECM-cell surface receptor interactions, rather than on carbohydrate-protein interactions.Laminin-332 (Lm332; previously known as laminin-5) is a component of basement membranes in the skin and other stratified squamous epithelial tissues (2-4). Lm332, which consists of ␣3, ␤3, and ␥2 subunits, associates with hemidesmosomes through integrin ␣6␤4 (5). A null mutation for Lm332 causes a severe and lethal skin blistering disease (6, 7). On the other hand, Lm332 is overexpressed at the leading edge of wounds during healing (8 -10) and in various types of squamous and other epithelial tumors (11,12). In addition, Lm332 plays an essential role in a mouse model of human squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenesis (13). Consistent with the result of in vivo studies, Lm332 promotes various cellular activities in vitro, such as cell adhesion, spreading, migration, and proliferation, via association of the carboxyl-terminal globular domain of the ␣3 chain with cell surface receptors, such as ␣3␤1 integrin, ␣6␤4 integrin, and syndecans (14 -16).Although between 13 and 30% of the total molecular weight of laminins is N-linked glycosylated (17), most studies o...

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Background: The internet is a popular source of health information, and YouTube is a popular platform for sharing health-related content. However, the quality and accuracy of online health information are concerning. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of current hereditary breast cancer information on YouTube and compare with the content produced by the nonprofit organization, BC Tube. Methods: Fifty-two videos, including five videos about hereditary breast cancer, were produced by BC Tube after peer-review by multiple medical professionals as well as review by non-medical personnel. A YouTube search using the Japanese keywords “hereditary breast cancer” and "HBOC" was conducted, and the top 100 videos were screened. The videos characteristics were analyzed. The content was evaluated using the PEMAT and DISCERN quality criteria. Results: Eighty-five eligible videos were included in the analysis, and 50.6% were provided by public-interest organizations/companies, followed by hospitals/governments (21.2%), individual physicians (8.2%), breast cancer survivors (7.1%), and others (7.1%). Videos from public-interest organizations/companies showed the highest view counts, followed by BC Tube. The average video length tended to be shorter for BC Tube, individual physician, and cancer survivor videos. Public-interest organizations/companies received more like counts, followed by BC Tube. Conclusions: Reliable, easy-to-understand, and widely recognized online medical information is needed. The popularity of videos does not always correspond to their quality, emphasizing the importance of quality evaluation. BC Tube provides a peer-reviewed platform to disseminate high-quality health information. We need to develop high-quality online health information and encourage the promotion of evidence-based information on YouTube.