Removal of metals related to radionuclides (Sr, U) and heavy metals (Co, Cu, Hg, Cr and As) present in aqueous solutions using photosynthetic bacteria immobilized porous ceramic, which can be recovered with an electromagnet, were carried out under aerobic dark condition. Among the photosynthetic bacteria tested, Rhodobacter sphaeroides SSI showed the highest removal activity for such metals with immobilized ceramic. The percentage of removal of 20 mg/l of Sr, Co and U were as high as 82%, 58 and 95, respectively after 6 days of treatment. The COD and phosphate present in the aqueous solution were simultaneously removed at high efficiency of over 90%. With a pure culture system, strain SSI can adsorb 98% of U on and/or in the cells from culture liquid during 6 days of aerobic growth. These pieces of immobilized porous ceramic could also remove Cu, Hg, Cr and As in the same system.
The effects on humans of inhalation of optically active linalools were examined in terms of sensory tests and portable forehead surface electroencephalographic (IBVA-EEG) measurements in order to assess their odor distinctiveness by chiral isomers. (R)-(-)-Linalools with specific rotation of [alpha](D) = -15.1 degrees were isolated by repeated flash column chromatography from lavender oil, while (S)-(+)-linalools with [alpha](D) = +17.4 degrees and (RS)-(+/-)-linalools with [alpha](D) = 0 degrees and content of (R)-form 50.9% and (S)-form 49.1% were obtained from coriander oil and commercial linalool, respectively, by using the same method. With the use of an inhalator, each was administered to subjects both before and after 10 min of work. It was found that administration after work evoked different subjective impressions when compared with that before work depending on the configuration of the isomers and the type of work employed. For instance, inhalation of (R)-(-)-linalool after hearing environmental sounds not only produced a much more favorable impression in the sensory test but was also accompanied by a greater decrease in beta waves after work in comparison with that before work. This is in contrast to the case of mental work, which resulted in a tendency for agitation accompanied by an increase in beta waves. These findings led us to conclude that enantiomeric stereospecificity of linalool evoked different odor perception and responses not only with chiral dependence but also with task dependence. In addition, in comparing these sensory profiling features and IBVA-EEG tendencies between hearing environmental sound and mental work, a tendency was observed for (R)-(-)-linalool to coincide with (RS)-(+/-)-linalool but not with (S)-(+)-linalool.
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