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Abstract-To achieve the adaptability required in ALS, adaptive learning system (ALS) takes advantage of granular and reusable content. The main goal of this paper is to examine the learning object granularity issue which is directly related with Learning Object (LO) reusability and the adaptability process required in ALS. For that purpose, we present the learning objects approach and the related technologies. Then, we discuss the fine-grained as a fundamental characteristic to reach the adaptability and individualization required in ALS. After that, we present some learning object granularity approaches in the literature before presenting our granularity approach. Finally, we propose an example of implementation of our approach to test its ability to meet the properties associated with fine-grained and adaptability.

Abstract.With the MOOC movement, education stakeholders are taking part of a pedagogical renewal. These dynamics present different advantages such as: massiveness, openness, accessibility, etc. However, it raises particular issues related to the dropout. To remedy to this issue, a promising lead resides in supporting learners' motivation and engagement. To reach this goal, innovative pedagogic strategies and / or sophisticated Instructional design, personalization or even adaptability are needed. The purpose of this paper is to examine the point of view of literature, the dropout issue and possible solutions to motivate learners.

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La thèse, tel un long voyage est une expérience de plusieurs années avec des hauts et des bas, de riches relations humaines et surtout de moments de satisfaction. À travers ces lignes, je souhaite remercier qui m'ont ouvert la voie vers ce chemin et à tous ceux qui ont contribué de près ou de loin à ce cheminement.

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