Older adults with subjective cognitive decline are at increased risk of future pathological cognitive decline and dementia. Subjective memory decline is an early sign of cognitive decline; preventing or slowing cognitive decline in at-risk populations remains an elusive issue. This study aimed to examine the cognitive trajectories and factors in older adults with subjective memory decline. Latent growth curve models (LGCMs) were fitted to examine the cognitive function trajectories and factors among 1465 older adults (aged 60+ years) with subjective memory decline. Data were obtained from four waves from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011–2018), which is a large nationally representative sample of the Chinese population. The results showed that older adults with better initial cognition had a slower decline rate, which may be accelerated by advanced age, low-level education, a rapid decrease in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) ability, and rapid increase in depression levels. This study was the first to examine the trajectories of cognitive function and its factors in a high-risk population with subjective memory decline. These findings may guide prevention approaches to tackle the issues of cognitive function decline and dementia.
Objectives: Sleep deprivation (SD) has detrimental effects on cognition. Emotional processing, a critical component of social cognition, is also affected by SD. However, current research on how SD affects emotion recognition and the specific emotion recognition that declines with SD is inconsistent. The present study meta-analyzed results of studies examining emotion category recognition changes in SD compared with controls.Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched. Studies on the impact of acute SD or insomnia on emotional recognition and participants aged 18 years or older were included in this review. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and GRADE approach were used to assess the quality of the studies and evidence.Results: Twelve studies with 414 SD and 399 control participants were included in this meta-analysis. The SD group performed poorer on facial sadness (MD = -4.35; 95% CI, -7.99 to -0.71) and happiness (MD = -1.75; 95% CI, -3.25 to -0.26) recognition than the control group (normal sleep condition). The reaction time of the SD group was significantly longer than that of the control group for all emotional categories. The intensity rating of facial emotions showed no difference between the two groups.Conclusions: Sleep deprivation slows individuals' reactions in facial emotion recognition tasks and weakens their ability to recognize sadness and happiness. Future studies should identify the effects of SD, SD duration, and recovery time on different types of emotion recognition.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.