This systematic review demonstrated that an exercise regimen of 6 weeks and at least 3 times per week for 60 minutes had a positive effect on cognition. Whether multicomponent exercise is significantly more effective in improving cognitive function, particularly in healthy older people, should be tested using larger trials with more rigorous methodology.

The global shortage of nurses severely affects the stability of hospitals and quality of patient care. New nurses tend to change jobs or leave the nursing profession within their first year, and this turnover compounds the nursing shortage (Zhang, Wu, Fang, Zhang, & Wong, 2017). Stress is a primary reason behind this turnover for new nurses (Bryant, 2017; Dwyer & Revell, 2016). Nurses still feel stress despite the great efforts of health educators in reducing new nurses' stress levels through improving their working environment

Background Low-sodium dietary is an important measure to avoid heart failure patient’s body fluid volume overload. There are still more than 50% of heart failure patients who are incapable of complying low-sodium dietary. This study utilized the systematic literature review method, with the purpose to understand the related factors towards the compliance behavior of low-sodium dietary of patients with heart failure. Methods This study typed keywords (congestive heart failure, adherence, compliance, low sodium diet, low salt diet, dietary sodium restriction) from computer databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, ProQuest Nursing Allied Health, PubMed, and ScienceDirect) and according to inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Research objects were adult patients admitted to HF, (2) Research content were related to sodium diet compliance behavior. (3) Non-intervention research. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) participants who was pregnant women, (2) qualitative research, (3) studies on development of tool, (4) poster. Select needed 14 articles that meet the purposes of this study. In addition, the study also collected 4 more studies with the same purpose from the references that were included in the retrieved articles, and finally a total of 18 studies were included in the analysis of this study. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency distribution) and content analysis method. Results This study use a systematic literature review method, it was found that the results of the studies use nonintervention method, which explored the relevant factors of low-sodium dietary compliance in heart failure patients over the past 20 years, could be summarized in 4 dimensions as social and economic conditions, patient conditions, disease conditions and therapy conditions. Conclusions Heart failure patients’ compliance behavior toward low-sodium dietary is multi-dimensional. Therefore, this study recommends when the health care providers evaluating patients’ compliance behavior of low-sodium dietary, it is necessary to consider more different aspects.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a combined cognitive training (CT) and physical activity (PA) intervention in improving cognitive function for institutionalized older residents with cognitive impairment. An experimental design with pre/post-test evaluations in a double-blind assessments at three points (baseline, T0; post-treatment, T1; 8-weeks-follow-up, T2), conducted an 8-week-CTPA intervention. Participants (N=134) were recruited from 12 institutions. Centers were randomly assigned into wait-list control, treatment I or treatment II groups. Treatment I group (low frequency) underwent combined 30-minutes sessions of individual-non-computer-based multi-domain CT (twice a week) with 30-minutes-group-chair-based PA (3 times a week). Treatment II group underwent the same protocol as Treatment I group, but with high frequency, 5 days per week for both CT and PA. The primary outcome, Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument(CASI) total scores showed significant improvement in the treatment I and treatment II groups at T1-T0 and T2-T0, compared to the wait-list control group(10.55±9.60, 12.75±11.64, -8.01±6.61, p=0.000; 8.32±7.81, 11.75±10.19, -7.11±5.78, p=0.000), however there were no significant differences between two treatment groups. In CASI’s nine sub-domains, all the mean difference between groups were also significant at T1-T0 and T2-T0 (all p<0.05). The two treatment groups only significantly differ on CASI-ORIENT domain at T2-T0 (p=0.02). The findings revealed that a combined CT-and-PA intervention have positive immediate (T1-T0) and delayed (T2-T0) effects in cognitive function for older institutional residents with cognition-impairment. The two treatment groups did not show dose-response relationship. Even more, the low frequency intervention was more effective on several domains than high frequency intervention did.

After surveying elderly people in northern Taiwan with a structured questionnaire to collect basic information and experience of falls in the past year. In total, 250 valid questionnaires were gathered. The SPSS software package used in statistical analysis of data and a p-value <0.05 was considered to reflect statistical significance by Chi-square (χ2) test. In this study, 176 female accounted for 70.4%; 213 people living with family accounted for 85.2%; 68 people aged 66-70 years old accounted for 27.2%; 85 people with public education at the elementary level accounted for 34%. 156 people with falling experience accounted for 62.3%; 60 people who fell home accounted for 38.5%; 74 people who fell during outdoor activities accounted for 47.4%; 63 people fell in walking, cycling and sports, accounting for 85.1%. In addition, there is a significant correlation between residents’ medication and fall experience; Such as antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic agents, and analgesics, are more statistically significant about fall; and taking sedative, muscle relaxation, Chinese medicine, there is no statistically significant. This shows that it is very important to prevent the fall of the elderly and the safety of the elderly during outdoor activities. In addition to the need to increase the muscles and strength of the elderly, it is also necessary to strengthen the outdoor space and drug education for the elderly.