This paper presents the characteristic features of landscape differentiation in Ca Mau province by analyzing landscape vertical structure, landscape horizontal structure at the scale 1:100.000. Results from this study are revealed and depicted in a thematic map of the selected districts, followed by attendant map legends and figures. Theoretically, these research outcomes would serve as a helpful basis for further researches with purposes of natural resources exploitation, socio-economic sustainable development, and environmental protection in the regions.
A quantitative soil classification system (SCS) has been the aim of generations of Vietnam soil scientists. The SCS is a system of harmonizing the traditional Vietnam SCSs and creating a capability for international exchange. Up to now, there are three partially developed Vietnam official SCSs and three Vietnam semi-quantitative ones. This article aims to upgrade the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS based on Vietnam's traditional pedogenetic (qualitative) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources in 2014 (quantitative). For this purpose, a study was conducted to compare and analyze the correlation between the published Vietnam semi-quantitative SCSs and the official ones. Six SCSs were compared and analyzed. The results show that the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS-2006 was selected to continue adapting and updating. Apart from the necessary adjustments, the study added 12 diagnostic horizons, 4 diagnostic properties, 2 diagnostic materials, 2 soil groups, 11 soil types, and 37 soil sub-types in the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS-2006. Finally, the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS includes 25 soil groups, 86 soil types, 492 soil sub-types with 30 diagnostic horizons, 7 diagnostic properties, 6 diagnostic materials, 58 qualifiers, and 9 criteria for defining soil varieties. The system keeps the traditional aspects of Vietnam's official SCSs and allows the exchange of international soil information.
This study was based on heat index (HI) to determine risk thresholds for warning heat stress to communities in Ninh Binh City. The study used correlation evaluation and regression equations, meteorological data for the period 1991 - 2021, and Vietnam climate change scenario data to calculate the maximum daily heat index (HImax) scenario for the country in the period 2024 - 2054. The results showed that, in the future, the trend of HImax will increase by 0.100 °C per year under the RCP 4.5 scenario (Medium Low greenhouse gases concentration scenario) and 0.105 °C per year under the RCP 8.5 scenario (High greenhouse gases concentration scenarios). The number of HImax days at dangerous levels will increase by about 1 day per year with both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. In particular, the number of HImax days at extreme danger levels, with the risk of causing stroke, in the period 2024 - 2054 appeared more than before, especially in the period 1941 - 2054, the trend increased sharply. In some last years of this period, the number of HImax days will be extremely dangerous up to 20 - 30 days.
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