The shape control and formation mechanism of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by a modified hotinjection method were investigated. Monodisperse Fe 3 O 4 nanocubes terminated at {100} planes with the average size of 16.1 ( 0.9 nm were synthesized by injecting Fe precursor into reaction solution at 290 °C with a slow injection rate of 10 mL/h. When we increased the monomer concentration in solution by increasing the injection rate to 20 mL/h or doubling the precursor concentration with the same reaction time, the main terminated planes of Fe 3 O 4 NPs became {100} and {110} planes leading to a rhombicuboctahedral shape. The shape of NPs was strongly affected by the monomer concentration and the intrinsic surface energy of Fe 3 O 4 . The shape-induced crystallographic orientation-ordered superlattices were obtained in both cubic and rhombicuboctahedral Fe 3 O 4 NPs. On the other hand, the shape-dependent occupancy of the cation sites was clearly observed, measured by using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra. The octahedral sites were occupied by more ferric ions, Fe 3þ , when the shape of Fe 3 O 4 NPs became cubic.

Direct ordering and shape effects of FePt nanoparticles produced by nanoparticle beam technology J. Appl. Phys. 98, 064306 (2005); 10.1063/1.2060958Size effect on L 1 0 ordering and magnetic properties of chemically synthesized FePt and FePtAu nanoparticles FePtMn nanoparticles were synthesized by the simultaneous reduction of iron acetylacetonate, platinum acetylacetonate, and manganese acetylacetonate with 1,2-hexadecanediol as the reducing reagent in the polyol process. The coercivity of annealed nanoparticles strongly depends on the amount of Mn addition. A maximum coercivity of 19 kOe at room temperature was obtained for ͑Fe 32 Pt 68 ͒ 87 Mn 13 nanoparticles annealed at 700°C for 1 h. The presence of Mn in the FePt L1 0 lattice may induce local strain so the ordering is accelerated. In addition, the high coercivity can presumably be partially related to the local bonding of Pt-Mn ͑or Fe-Mn͒ in the L1 0 structure.

Cancer immunotherapies, such as checkpoint blockade of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), represents a breakthrough in cancer treatment, resulting in unprecedented results in terms of overall and progression-free survival. Discovery and development of novel anti PD-1 inhibitors remains a field of intense investigation, where novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and novel antibody formats (e.g., novel isotype, bispecific mAb and low-molecular-weight compounds) are major source of future therapeutic candidates. HLX10, a fully humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against PD-1 receptor, increased functional activities of human T-cells and showed in vitro, and anti-tumor activity in several tumor models. The combined inhibition of PD-1/PDL-1 and angiogenesis pathways using anti-VEGF antibody may enhance a sustained suppression of cancer-related angiogenesis and tumor elimination. To elucidate HLX10’s mode of action, we solved the structure of HLX10 in complex with PD-1 receptor. Detailed epitope analysis showed that HLX10 has a unique mode of recognition compared to the clinically approved PD1 antibodies Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab. Notably, HLX10’s epitope was closer to Pembrolizumab’s epitope than Nivolumab’s epitope. However, HLX10 and Pembrolizumab showed an opposite heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) usage, which recognizes several overlapping amino acid residues on PD-1. We compared HLX10 to Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab and it showed similar or better bioactivity in vitro and in vivo, providing a rationale for clinical evaluation in cancer immunotherapy.

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