There is a large demand for Organic Light-Emitting Displays (OLEDs) with higher contrast, particularly for outdoor applications. We show that lowering the reflectance of OLEDs, which is required for increasing the contrast, can also lead to a reduction of their efficiency when a small microcavity effect is not maintained in their structure. We describe in details the design of high-contrast bottom-emitting OLEDs that have low reflectance but still maintain a small cavity effect for efficient emission.

A hybrid method for using sunlight and light-emitting diode (LED) illumination powered by renewable solar energy for indoor lighting is simulated and presented in this study. We can illuminate an indoor space and collect the solar energy using an optical switching system. When the system is turned off, the full spectrum of the sunlight is concentrated by a concentrator, to be absorbed by solar photovoltaic devices that provide the electricity to power the LEDs. When the system is turned on, the sunlight collected by the concentrator is split into visible and non-visible rays by a beam splitter. The visible rays pass through the light guide into a light box where it is mixed with LED light to ultimately provide uniform illumination by a diffuser. The non-visible rays are absorbed by the solar photovoltaic devices to provide electrical power for the LEDs. Simulation results show that the efficiency of the hybrid sunlight/LED illumination with the renewable solar energy saving design is better than that of LED and traditional lighting systems.

Plasma-assisted thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was carried out to synthesize high-quality graphene film at a low temperature of 600°C. Monolayer graphene films were thus synthesized on Cu foil using various ratios of hydrogen and methane in a gaseous mixture. The in situ plasma emission spectrum was measured to elucidate the mechanism of graphene growth in a plasma-assisted thermal CVD system. According to this process, a distance must be maintained between the plasma initial stage and the deposition stage to allow the plasma to diffuse to the substrate. Raman spectra revealed that a higher hydrogen concentration promoted the synthesis of a high-quality graphene film. The results demonstrate that plasma-assisted thermal CVD is a low-cost and effective way to synthesis high-quality graphene films at low temperature for graphene-based applications.

We tested the reliability, sensitivity, and validity of a Chinese translation of the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4). One hundred Taiwanese individuals with schizophrenia were recruited. The internal consistency reliability was satisfactory for both the psychosocial and vitality domains (Cronbach's a = 0.92, 0.84). The test-retest reliability was also high (psychosocial: ICC = 0.84, vitality: ICC = 0.84) for those individuals whose psychological conditions remained stable between the two-week interval. However, the responsiveness coefficient for those with considerable changes in psychological conditions ranged from very small to moderate, suggesting either low responsiveness for the vitality domain or a complex relationship between the change of psychological conditions and quality of life, and the need to estimate responsiveness more conclusively in a future intervention study. The convergent validity was supported by moderate-to-large correlations between domains measuring related constructs of the SQLS-R4 and SF-36 (r = -0.65 to -0.67). Overall, the results of this study provide preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the SQLS-R4 used in Taiwanese individuals with schizophrenia. This study provides a common ground for international researchers to understand quality of life in Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia.

The ultrathin Co x Ni 1Ϫx /Cu(100) alloy films with low Co concentration xр10% was prepared for probing the effect of the d-band filling on the magnetic behavior. The perpendicular magnetization was observed only for films with xϽ10%. The spin-reorientation transition from the in-plane to perpendicular orientation was found to be extremely sensitive to the Co concentration. The critical thickness for the spin reorientation transition was changed drastically from 7.5 to 17.5 ML by varying x from 0 to 8 %. Since no significant change in structure and surface morphology was accompanied, these findings may be attributed to the critical influence of the d-band filling on the magnetic anisotropy at variation of alloy composition.