Renieramycins M (1m) and N (1n) were isolated from the Thai sponge Xestospongia sp., pretreated with potassium cyanide in methanolic buffer solution, and their structures and relative stereochemistries were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. This strategy is the first example of the gram-scale preparation of this series of compounds and presents a potential solution for increasing the gram-scale supply of novel natural products from marine sources.

Four minor renieramycin-type derivatives, including renieramycins O (1o) and Q-S (1q-s), were isolated from the sponge Xestospongia sp. pretreated with potassium cyanide. Their structures were elucidated by comparison of spectral data with those of recently reported renieramycins M (1m) and N (1n). The results of transformation and cytotoxicity measurements are also described.

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Despite the cross-sectional design and only adjusting age as a potential confounder, higher proportions of HT, IGT, obesity and smoking in male workers were found in SSEs compared to larger organizations.

Background. Conduct disorder (CD) is a relatively common disorder of childhood and adolescence in the USA with substantial associated morbidity, yet little has been published on CD among Asians and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (NH/PI) in the USA.Method. We used the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) to examine the prevalence and correlates of retrospectively reported CD within Asians and NH/PI (18 years and older). We also completed logistic regressions to explore factors associated with CD within Asians (n=1093) and, separately, NH/PI (n=139) and to explain racial differences in CD prevalence.Results. Asians were about a third as likely [odds ratio (OR) 0.4, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.22-0.58] whereas NH/ PI were about two and half times more likely (OR 2.6, 95 % CI 1.31-5.06) to have had CD compared with Caucasian respondents. Within Asians and NH/PI, CD was strongly associated with adult antisocial behavior, substance use and affective disorders. Demographic factors, the age that subjects came to the USA, measures of family environment and family history could not explain the observed differences in prevalence of CD for NH/PI relative to Caucasians.Conclusions. Asian and NH/PI youth with CD represent a subgroup of Asian youth at very high risk for a number of serious psychiatric disorders. Further investigation is needed to explain the high CD prevalence among NH/PI.

Foundry workers have increased mortality and morbidity risks from numerous causes, including various cancers. A retrospective Chinese iron-steel cohort study was conducted to examine the mortality effects of exposure to foundry work. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were calculated to evaluate mortality risks among male workers with exposure to 15 hazardous factors, adjusting for confounders. During 14 years of follow-up, 13,363 of 121,846 male workers died. SMR analysis showed a healthy-worker effect in comparison with the general population. SRR analysis showed increased risks for all causes, all neoplasms, and others among the exposed workers compared with non-exposed blue-collar workers. Combined exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and two or more dusts increased the risks of lung cancer (SRR = 654; 95% CI: 113-3,780) and other malignancies. Foundry work has adverse health effects, including carcinogenic risks.

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