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A 51-year-old female was referred to our clinic for investigation of abnormal chest X-ray findings during a routine health examination. Chest computed tomography showed a middle mediastinal tumor, and she was admitted to hospital for surgical treatment. The tumor was removed using thoracoscopic surgery, without significant blood loss. Pathological examination showed that the tumor was composed of blood vessels with relatively thick vascular walls containing smooth muscle. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD34 and Factor VIII, and negative for D2-40. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a cavernous hemangioma. We herein present this very rare case of middle mediastinal cavernous hemangioma.

The recurrence of invasive thymoma is often observed; however, no accepted treatment of recurrent invasive thymoma has yet been established. We herein report a 41-year-old woman with invasive thymoma and pleural dissemination who demonstrated long-term survival after undergoing 4 operations. Based on our findings, reoperation is thus suggested in patients with intrathoracic recurrence and long-term survival can be expected.