The tongue pressure waveform differed between the control and patient groups. The incidence of a double-peak tongue pressure waveform was more frequent in the patient group. In both groups, the exertion of tongue pressure began at the anterior point of the sensor sheet, followed by the peripheral parts. Although the order of expression of tongue pressure was the same for the two groups, maximum tongue pressure at all parts of the sensor sheet was lower in the patient group than in the control group. Furthermore, swallowing time was longer in the patient group than in the control group at the peripheral parts of the palate. These results clearly show the difference in tongue pressure production during swallowing between patients with mandibular prognathism and volunteers with normal occlusion. The current findings suggest that maxillofacial morphology may affect tongue movement during swallowing.

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between the lower irregularity index and GZN, and also between the upper irregularity index and IMPA. For female adult Mongolian Angle Class I subjects, it could be considered that the maxillofacial morphology and the occlusion of incisors have an influence on anterior crowding. http://dx.Class II adult case with high angle and severe crowding treated by unusual extraction Shigeki Iijima Iijima Orthodontic Office, Japan Orthod Waves-Jpn Ed 2012; 71(1): 53-60This case report describes the treatment of a female, aged 23 years and 8 months, having a high mandibular plane angle and Class II malocclusion with severe anterior crowding accompanied by high canines. Her oral hygiene was fair and she had several heavily restored molars. The orthodontic treatment involved the extraction of the microdont maxillary lateral incisors and second molars, mandibular left first and right second premolars and right second molar, and tooth alignment with a standard edgewise appliance in conjunction with high pull J-hook headgear. The active treatment was completed in 39 months. Class I molar relationships were achieved with an optimal overbite-overjet relationship. After a retention period of 32 months, the patient presented with an occlusion that was both functional and esthetically stable.http://dx.