The growth in technology coupled with low-cost mobile data plans attracts many people to access the Internet, which has resulted in a spike in Online to Offline (O2O) business in India including Online Food Delivery (OFD) platforms. In the present global COVID-19 pandemic, the OFD service providers played a vital role in delivering the food to consumers and enabling the restaurants to keep operating by minimising their losses. With the increase in demand for fast and online foods, many businesses are entering into tier 3 cities in India. This study was conducted in a tier 3 city in the month of February-March 2020 to assess the consumer attitude and perception towards an OFD application, Zomato. The results indicate that the frequency of using an app, monthly expenditure of the respondent and the first five order benefits that the Zomato offers to the customers shows highly significant to the orders they place. However, most of the respondents reported digital trustworthiness, higher service charges, followed by higher prices as the challenges while ordering food. Home-cooked food with 24×7 availability were the expectations of the consumers. As the demand for online food orders increases, there is a huge scope to improve the business, if the company switches to adopt user-friendly services and provide excellent quality products at a reasonable price. Government need to ensure safety in online transactions in order to attract more people to use electronic medium for transaction. The outcome of the study would help the policy makers and OFD players to better understand the insights of consumers towards OFD system especially in a tier III cities and may take new initiative for the improvement of OFD business sector.
The demand for organic food products is multiplying gradually across Punjab. The green revolution has definitely solved the world‟s hunger problem by boosting the agricultural production but it did not take long for people of Punjab to realize the adverse effects they have to face due to the extensive utilization of such chemicals which are strictly banned in many nations for their adverse effects. The life-annihilating chemicals that are being sprinkled into crops are classified into class one by the World Health Organization, which are the most toxic and banned in most of the countries (The Guardian on July 1, 2019). The only way to address this catastrophe is to change the food consumption habits. Shifting to organic food could not only reduce the risk of cancer but can also improve the overall health conditions. In August 2015 with the realization of Mrs. Raman Mann, a farmer and an activist has realized that the marketing is the major issue in organic food space and the production is not a pinnacle to work on. She then decided to establish a sustainable market, “a market which only sounded hypothetical in organic food space back in 2015” she recollected. She envisioned a market which is consumer oriented, environment friendly and farmer led. In organic food business the marketer is most of the times highly vulnerable to many external factors. The major drawback is the premium price a customer has to pay. As no chemicals are used in the organic food production the yield is comparatively lesser than that of chemical fed production practices which makes the farmer/marketer/seller to charge a premium price for their produce.
Surface water samples were collected from selected locations along river Panchaganga, from Kolhapur to Narsobawadi during April 2019. Physicochemical parameters were determined in the laboratory and chemical mass balance approach was adopted to estimate the individual ionic loads in the river water. Streeter-Phelps equation was applied to derive a relationship between DO and BOD5. Model parameters such as De-oxygenation Rate (Kd) and Re-aeration Rates (Kr ) were optimized using different empirical methods. The result of chemical mass balance showed an increase in the loading of various ions from upstream to downstream which could be attributed to agricultural and industrial wastes that enter the main stream. De-oxygenation rate and re-aeration constants were calculated using various empirical methods. DO sag curve was developed using Streeter Phelp’s model and compared with the observed parameters which showed a significant correlation. DO-BOD concentration observed along the course of the river indicated that the self-purification capacity of the river is high due to which the river regains the lost DO level at a distance less than 50 meters.
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