A high rate of fHb is released during paediatric surgery with CPB in infants. fHb mainly depends on the left atrial venting flow rate and CPB duration. However, such peaks of fHb levels were not associated with renal dysfunction.

Low dose of dexmedetomidine in combination with morphine and midazolam was safe in a high-risk cohort of CHD children after cardiac surgery and reduced the onset of withdrawal symptoms. However, it did not decrease MV time and the total amount of other sedative and analgesic drugs required in the post-operative period.

Mortality was significantly higher in patients with NIs. The use of PN was one of the most significant predictors for NIs in the overall cohort of PCICU patients, cardiac surgical patients, and those who required CPB.

This exploratory study showed that endotoxin assay activity levels in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass are frequently above 0.4 and peak 24-48 hours after surgery and appear to be associated with perioperative impaired organ perfusion. Endotoxin assay activity is not useful to predict Gram-negative infections.

According to our findings, cyanosis does not affect TEG parameters in children with CHD. PLT count and plasma fibrinogen significantly correlated (are significantly associated) with MA and MA-fib respectively, suggesting that use of TEG after protamine administration may be prompted for improved hemostatic monitoring in the perioperative phase.