Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and damage to the ocular surface. Because chronic inflammation plays an important role in DED, treatment with topical corticosteroids has been demonstrated to ameliorate the signs and symptoms of the disease. Although these agents have proven short-term efficacy, their long-term use may cause intraocular pressure elevation and cataract progression. A carefully review of the different studies shows that differences between corticosteroids may exist regarding the incidence of side effects and evidence of efficacy in DED patients.
Lamellar keratoplasty is fast becoming the most popular form of corneal transplantation. The adoption of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in the management of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy is partly responsible for this shift in the paradigm of management of corneal pathology. The learning curve of DMEK, however, has been proven to be much steeper than previous endothelial keratoplasty procedures. To ease the procedure, experts have proposed multiple innovative techniques from tissue preparation to graft unfolding to aid the more novice surgeon. Here, we collate and share tips and tricks from our collective experiences to support the learning curve and outcomes in DMEK for both the novice and more experienced corneal transplant surgeons.
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