PurposeSuicide becomes a serious problem in today's society and hanging is a common method of suicide. We want to find the factors which can predict the final functional outcomes of these cases.MethodsAll patients who presented to Accident and Emergency Department (ED) of the National Cheng Kung University Hospital from 1st January 2005 to 31th December 2013 with a hanging injury were included in this study. All cases were divided into good outcome group and bad outcome group according to Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and chi-square test.ResultsGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 3, pupil dilation and no pupillary light reflex both at the scene and ED were the factors to indicate poor functional outcome. Out-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), acidosis (pH < 7.2) and the need for intubation once arriving at ED were also related to poor functional outcome. OHCA cases all had poor functional outcome.ConclusionGCS, pupil size, pupillary light reflex, OHCA and acidosis are useful as prognostic factors. GCS = 3 lead to a very poor outcome. However, the functional outcome seems good in patients with GCS>3. There parameters can help to predict the outcome before treatment.
Higher rates of specific risk factors and use of highly lethal pesticides for suicide contributed to the higher suicide rate in one ethnic group in Taiwan. These findings have implications for developing ethnicity-relevant suicide prevention strategies.
BackgroundRemote teaching and online learning have significantly changed the responsiveness and accessibility after the COVID-19 pandemic. Disaster medicine (DM) has recently gained prominence as a critical issue due to the high frequency of worldwide disasters, especially in 2021. The new artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced technologies and concepts have recently progressed in DM education.ObjectivesThe aim of this article is to familiarize the reader with the remote technologies that have been developed and used in DM education over the past 20 years.Literature scoping reviewsMobile edge computing (MEC), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)/drones, deep learning (DL), and visual reality stimulation, e.g., head-mounted display (HMD), are selected as promising and inspiring designs in DM education.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive review of the literature on the remote technologies applied in DM pedagogy for medical, nursing, and social work, as well as other health discipline students, e.g., paramedics. Databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), ISI Web of Science (WOS), EBSCO (EBSCO Essentials), Embase (EMB), and Scopus were used. The sourced results were recorded in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart and followed in accordance with the PRISMA extension Scoping Review checklist. We included peer-reviewed articles, Epubs (electronic publications such as databases), and proceedings written in English. VOSviewer for related keywords extracted from review articles presented as a tabular summary to demonstrate their occurrence and connections among these DM education articles from 2000 to 2022.ResultsA total of 1,080 research articles on remote technologies in DM were initially reviewed. After exclusion, 64 articles were included in our review. Emergency remote teaching/learning education, remote learning, online learning/teaching, and blended learning are the most frequently used keywords. As new remote technologies used in emergencies become more advanced, DM pedagogy is facing more complex problems.DiscussionsArtificial intelligence-enhanced remote technologies promote learning incentives for medical undergraduate students or graduate professionals, but the efficacy of learning quality remains uncertain. More blended AI-modulating pedagogies in DM education could be increasingly important in the future. More sophisticated evaluation and assessment are needed to implement carefully considered designs for effective DM education.
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary for medical personnel to protect themselves from aerosol-producing procedures, especially during airway management. The tracheal intubation process has a significant risk based on the spreading of aerosol, especially when the medical service provider is very close to the airway of the patient. We have developed a novel conservation tent that provides a barrier for healthcare professionals and patients. Through a simulation study, the relationship between the use of the protection tent during intubation and the contamination of medical personnel before and after the movement of the protection tent was explored. A series of experiments in this article provide a theoretical basis for the verification of spray morphology during gas curing and droplet intubation. This inexpensive and simple method for using transparent cloth in the intubation of patients with unknown COVID-19 status can be applied by frontline medical personnel as an additional precautionary measure.
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