Objectives
To evaluate quantitative and semi-quantitative measures of regional pulmonary parenchymal perfusion in patients with COPD in relationship to global lung perfusion (GLP) and lung diffusing capacity (DLCO).
Materials and Methods
One hundred and forty three participants in the MESA COPD Study were examined by dynamic contrast-enhanced pulmonary perfusion MRI at 1.5 T. Pulmonary blood flow (PBF) was calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis by using a dual-bolus technique and the Fermi function model. Semi-quantitative parameters for regional lung perfusion were calculated from signal-intensity time curves in the lung parenchyma. Intra- and inter-observer coefficients of variation (CV) and correlations between quantitative and semi-quantitative MRI parameters and with GLP and DLCO were determined.
Results
Quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters of pulmonary parenchymal perfusion were reproducible with CVs for all <10%. Furthermore, these MRI parameters were correlated with GLP and DLCO and there was good agreement between PBF and GLP. Quantitative and semi-quantitative MRI parameters were closely correlated (e.g., r=0.86 for maximum signal increase with PBF). In participants without COPD, the physiological distribution of pulmonary perfusion could be determined by regional MRI measurements.
Conclusion
Regional pulmonary parenchymal perfusion can reliably be quantified from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. MRI-derived quantitative and semi-quantitative perfusion measures correlate with GLP and DLCO.
This study tests whether being in an exogamous union affects older individual's family networks, and whether associations between exogamy and mental health reported in previous studies operate through changes in family ties and differ by gender. We focus on individuals aged 60 or above in the German Socio‐Economic Panel Study between 2002 and 2016. We describe demographic and family characteristics of individuals in different types of union and estimate correlated random effects models on the changes of mental health. Exogamous immigrants have larger family networks than endogamous immigrants due to a higher chance of having in‐laws nearby, while exogamous natives have smaller family networks than their endogamous counterparts. Native women in a union with immigrants exhibit worse mental health than endogamous native women, and the same disadvantage is held by immigrant men partnered with native women. Family networks influence mental health but contribute little to observed differences.
BACKGROUND Southern Europe experienced large-scale migration in the recent decades. Compared to regions with a longer migration history, the assimilation and socialization processes of family formation and age of childbearing for young adults of migrant background is underexplored. Spain, in particular, is now home to a burgeoning second generation of which little is known. OBJECTIVE This study explores the family living arrangements of Moroccans in Spain by migrant generation and time, using census microdata from the Integrated Public-Use Microdata Series International (IPUMS-i) and the Spanish Statistical Office (INE). We examine the living arrangements as an estimate for family processes for young adults of Moroccan origin between ages 20 to 34 separately by sex.
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