Given a set of pins and a set of obstacles on a plane, an obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner minimal tree (OARSMT) connects these pins, possibly through some additional points (called the Steiner points), and avoids running through any obstacle to construct a tree with a minimal total wirelength. The OARSMT problem becomes more important than ever for modern nanometer IC designs which need to consider numerous routing obstacles incurred from power networks, prerouted nets, IP blocks, feature patterns for manufacturability improvement, antenna jumpers for reliability enhancement, etc. Consequently, the OARSMT problem has received dramatically increasing attention recently. Nevertheless, considering obstacles significantly increases the problem complexity, and thus, most previous works suffer from either poor quality or expensive running time. Based on the obstacle-avoiding spanning graph, this paper presents an efficient algorithm with some theoretical optimality guarantees for the OARSMT construction. Unlike previous heuristics, our algorithm guarantees to find an optimal OARSMT for any two-pin net and many higher pin nets. Extensive experiments show that our algorithm results in significantly shorter wirelengths than all state-of-the-art works.
Abstract-Due to recent advances in microfluidics, digital microfluidic biochips are expected to revolutionize laboratory procedures. One critical problem for biochip synthesis is the droplet routing problem. Unlike traditional very large scale integration routing problems, in addition to routing path selection, the biochip routing problem needs to address the issue of scheduling droplets under practical constraints imposed by the fluidic property and timing restriction of synthesis results. In this paper, we present the first network-flow-based routing algorithm that can concurrently route a set of noninterfering nets for the droplet routing problem on biochips. We adopt a two-stage technique of global routing followed by detailed routing. In global routing, we first identify a set of noninterfering nets and then adopt the network-flow approach to generate optimal global-routing paths for nets. In detailed routing, we present the first polynomial-time algorithm for simultaneous routing and scheduling using the global-routing paths with a negotiation-based routing scheme. Our algorithm targets at both the minimization of cells used for routing for better fault tolerance and minimization of droplet transportation time for better reliability and faster bioassay execution. Experimental results show the robustness and efficiency of our algorithm.Index Terms-Detailed routing, digital microfluidic biochips, global routing, network-flow-based algorithm.
Abstract-Given a set of pins and a set of obstacles on a plane, an obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner minimal tree (OARSMT) connects these pins, possibly through some additional points (called the Steiner points), and avoids running through any obstacle to construct a tree with a minimal total wirelength. The OARSMT problem becomes more important than ever for modern nanometer IC designs which need to consider numerous routing obstacles incurred from power networks, prerouted nets, IP blocks, feature patterns for manufacturability improvement, antenna jumpers for reliability enhancement, etc. Consequently, the OARSMT problem has received dramatically increasing attention recently. Nevertheless, considering obstacles significantly increases the problem complexity, and thus, most previous works suffer from either poor quality or expensive running time. Based on the obstacle-avoiding spanning graph, this paper presents an efficient algorithm with some theoretical optimality guarantees for the OARSMT construction. Unlike previous heuristics, our algorithm guarantees to find an optimal OARSMT for any two-pin net and many higher pin nets. Extensive experiments show that our algorithm results in significantly shorter wirelengths than all state-of-the-art works.
Droplet-based microfluidic biochips have recently gained much attention and are expected to revolutionize the biological laboratory procedure. As biochips are adopted for the complex procedures in molecular biology, its complexity is expected to increase due to the need of multiple and concurrent assays on a chip. In this paper, we formulate the placement problem of digital microfluidic biochips with a tree-based topological representation, called T-tree. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first work that adopts a topological representation to solve the placement problem of digital microfluidic biochips. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is much more efficient and effective, compared with the previous unified synthesis and placement framework.
Droplet-based microfluidic biochips have recently gained much attention and are expected to revolutionize the biological laboratory procedures. As biochips are adopted for the complex procedures in molecular biology, its complexity is expected to increase due to the need of multiple and concurrent assays on a chip. In this article, we formulate the placement problem of digital microfluidic biochips with a tree-based topological representation, called T-tree. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first work that adopts a topological representation to solve the placement problem of digital microfluidic biochips. We also consider the defect tolerant issue to avoid to use defective cells due to fabrication. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is more efficient and effective than the previous unified synthesis and placement framework.
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