Aim Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stigma in people living with HIV is associated with depression and poor treatment adherence. The current literature lacks a Chinese instrument to measure HIV stigma in Taiwan. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop an abbreviated Chinese translation version of Berger's HIV Stigma Scale. Methods The instrument development process was guided by Brislin's Translation Model of establishment of construct validity and convergent validity and verification of reliability. Results This study recruited 540 HIV‐infected adults (January‐November 2015). Data analysis using confirmatory factor analysis resulted in an 18‐item abbreviated Chinese version of Berger's HIV Stigma Scale, consisting with four factors: personalized stigma (seven items), disclosure concerns (three items), negative self‐image (four items), and concerns with public attitudes toward people with HIV (four items). The final model demonstrated a good fit. A positive correlation between HIV stigma and depression was found. The Cronbach α for internal consistency was 0.92. Conclusion The 18‐item abbreviated Chinese version of Berger's HIV Stigma Scale demonstrated adequate reliability and validity to assess HIV stigma among Chinese people living with HIV. It is a feasible tool that allows for rapid assessment of HIV‐related stigma.
Aims and objectives The primary aim of this study is to explore the influence of obesity, healthy lifestyle and sleep quality of endometrial cancer survivors on their fatigue level. Background As many as 30% of endometrial cancer survivors still suffer from fatigue 5 years after completing therapy. Fatigue may hinder cancer survivors from participating in daily activities or returning to their original roles and functions, thus affecting their health‐related quality of life. Design This study adopted a cross‐sectional correlational research design. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used as a reference for reporting the study. Methods A consecutive sample of 134 endometrial cancer survivors was recruited from the outpatient clinics of a medical centre in Taipei, Taiwan. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Results Study subjects scored 44 points (SD = 7.09) on average for the fatigue levels. Results of linear regression showed that sleep quality (ß = −0.38), comorbidity index (ß = −0.024) and age (ß = 0.20) were important predictors of fatigue. However, differences in obesity, vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity did not lead to significant differences in fatigue level. Conclusions Survivors who had poorer sleep quality, higher comorbidity index and younger age reported higher fatigue. Relevance to clinical practice The study findings are relevant for assessing and preventing fatigue in endometrial cancer survivors. Those with poorer sleep quality, higher comorbidity index and younger age are at a greater risk for fatigue and deserve further attention. Although the study results failed to support the link between obesity, vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity and fatigue, the ratio of survivors who comply with recommended healthy lifestyles was low. Hence, it is of urgent necessity that this population receives the help to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
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