We know from the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature that civil society organizations (CSOs) play a crucial role in helping businesses transition towards more responsible and sustainable business models. Yet, in the circular economy (CE) field, such understanding is still scarce. This article develops a theoretical framework for understanding the dynamic interplay between business and civil society in CE transitions, understanding their mechanisms and strategies for cooperation and contestation. We develop the concept of 'CE boundary work' to understand how CSOs interact with firms to bring about CE innovation, outlining three ideal types: campaign based, resource efficiency based and circular design based. This contributes to our understanding of how CE transitions can be brought about effectively through cross-sectoral interplays between civil society and business.

Background: In this study, it was shown that the routine use of McGrath videolaryngoscopy may improve intubation success rates. The benefits to using a videolaryngoscope in nasotracheal intubation were also demonstrated. However, no solid evidence concerning the effectiveness of the use of McGrath videolaryngoscopes in nasotracheal intubation has previously been reported. As a result, we questioned whether, in adult patients who underwent oral and maxillofacial surgeries with nasotracheal intubation (P), the use of a McGrath videolaryngoscope (I) compared with a Macintosh laryngoscope (C) could reduce the intubation time, improve glottis visualization to a score of classification 1 in the Cormack–Lehane classification system, and improve the first-attempt success rate (O). The secondary outcomes measured were the rate of the use of Magill forceps and the external laryngeal pressure (BURP) maneuver used. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted using databases. Only randomized controlled trials that compared the McGrath videolaryngoscopy and Macintosh laryngoscopy techniques in nasotracheal intubation in adult patients were included. Results: Five articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis (n = 331 patients). The results showed a significant decrease in intubation time and a higher rate of classification 1 scores in the Cormack–Lehane classification system, but no difference in the first-attempt success rates were found between the McGrath group and the Macintosh group. Decreases in the rate of the use of Magill forceps and the use of the external laryngeal pressure maneuver were also found in the pooled analysis. With regard to the overall risk of bias, the selected trials were classified to have at least a moderate risk of bias, because none of the trials could blind the operator to the type of laryngoscope used. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that the use of a McGrath videolaryngoscope in nasotracheal intubation resulted in shorter intubation times, improved views of the glottis and similar first-success rates in adult patients who received general anesthesia for dental, oral, maxillofacial, or head and neck cancer surgery, and also reduced the use of Magill forceps and the BURP maneuver.

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Patients with end-stage renal disease are at risk of developing hyperkalemia and acidosis, both of which have disastrous sequelae during elective video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer. Herein, we present a case where severe hyperkalemia and combined acidosis were incidentally found in a 68-year-old man with the end-stage renal disease after establishing one-lung ventilation during video-assisted lobectomy. There was no significant instability of vital signs, abnormality of perioperative electrocardiography, or malignant arrhythmia. Therefore, we arranged for related management promptly, and the surgery was relatively smooth. This incidental intraoperative hyperkalemia was thought to have resulted from one-lung ventilation and hypercarbia and/or metabolic acidosis. More frequent arterial blood gas analysis and aggressive blood potassium control during video-assisted thoracic surgery should be considered for patients with end-stage renal disease.

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