Emotion-focused coping with acceptance and disavowal, as well as problem-focused coping, may positively influence physical and psychological self care. Health care professionals should accept and allow patients to use emotion-focused coping, then help patients to use problem-focused coping skills. The influencing factors have important roles in individuals' coping styles. There is a lack of experimental and qualitative research to determine how the influencing factors affect self care coping, since this review is primarily of revealed correlational studies.

It is suggested for healthcare professionals to understand an individual's coping process and support people with chronic heart failure who struggle with self-care coping. Furthermore, specific interventions including meaning-oriented interventions might benefit people with chronic heart failure to cope more successfully.

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Aim To explore the association between the ward‐level nurse turnover rate and the ward's organisational, patient and nurse characteristics in long‐term care (LTC) hospitals. Background Nurse turnover adversely impacts not only LTC hospitals through higher recruitment and replacement costs but also resident health outcomes. Methods This study employed a cross‐sectional design with secondary analyses. Participants were 199 ward managers and 2,508 nurses in LTC hospitals across Japan. Data were collected between September and November 2015. Results The wards with higher nurse turnover were significantly associated with a non‐12‐hr work shift, higher rate of patients with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH), lower average of nurse emotional exhaustion, lower average of nurse‐perceived quality of the care process and lower rate of employment stability as the reason for choosing the workplace. Conclusions Actual ward‐level nurse turnover can be influenced by factors related to the organisation (e.g. shift style and employment stability), patient (e.g. patients with IVH) and nurse attributions (e.g. burnout, perceived care quality). Implications for Nursing Management To minimize nurse turnover in LTC hospitals, multifactorial ward‐level interventions would be possible, such as adjusting for shift work, attending to medical procedures or improving nurses’ emotional exhaustion and perceptions regarding care quality.