It is unclear whether there is an intermediate dark state between the S2 and S1 states of carotenoids. Previous two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy measurements support its existence and its involvement in the energy transfer from carotenoids to chlorophylls, but there is still considerable debate on the origin of this dark state and how it regulates the energy transfer process. Here we use ab initio calculations on excited-state dynamics and simulated two-dimensional electronic spectrum of carotenoids from purple bacteria to provide evidence supporting that the dark state may be assigned to a new Ag + state. Our calculations also indicate that groups on the conjugation backbone of carotenoids may substantially affect the excited-state levels and the energy transfer process. These results contribute to a better understanding of carotenoid excited states.
Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) proposed the Machine Type Communication (MTC) communi cations technology for machines or devices to communicate with each other without human intervention. The characteristics of MTC communications are different from that of conventional Human-to-Human (H2H) communications. The execution of an MTC device is task-based and triggered by the MTC application server. In most of scenarios, the time period for an MTC to perform a task is short. The number of MTC devices is expected to be several magnitudes higher than the number of H2H communication device. In MTC communications networks, an MTC device is addressed by its Mobile Subscriber ISDNs (MSISDNs) that is also used to address the H2H devices. Due to that huge number of MTC devices may coexist in the network, it is a challenge that the number of MSISDNs may insufficient to support both MTC communications and H2H communications.In this paper, we propose a grouping ID based device trigger mechanism for 3GPP MTC communications to resolve the issue "insufficient number of MSISDN." Simulation experiments are conducted to investigate the performances of the mechanism.
This poster proposes an IoT-enabled mobile e-learning platform to enhance the performance of a learning process (i.e., assembling of fragmented learning time for a trainee) and the efficiency of learning material management. The informatics framework and implementation methodology for the proposed platform are described in the poster. The proposed platform has been used in the emergency department of National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) for training junior ultrasound physicians.
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