Social engineering attacks are a growing threat to modern complex systems. Increasingly, attackers are exploiting people's "vulnerabilities" to carry out social engineering attacks for malicious purposes. Although such a severe threat has attracted the attention of academia and industry, it is challenging to propose a comprehensive and practical set of countermeasures to protect systems from social engineering attacks due to its interdisciplinary nature. Moreover, the existing social engineering defence research is highly dependent on manual analysis, which is time-consuming and labour-intensive and cannot solve practical problems efficiently and pragmatically. This paper proposes a systematic approach to generate countermeasures based on a typical social engineering attack process. Specifically, we systematically 'attack' each step of social engineering attacks to prevent, mitigate, or eliminate them, resulting in 62 countermeasures. We have designed a set of social engineering security patterns that encapsulate relevant security knowledge to provide practical assistance in the defence analysis of social engineering attacks. Finally, we present an automatic analysis framework for applying social engineering security patterns. We applied the case study method and performed semi-structured interviews with nine participants to evaluate our proposal, showing that our approach effectively defended against social engineering attacks.
In the meantime, looking at the present status of how to estimationte the quantity of rebar based on 3D BIM getting the limelight in these days, commercial BIM tools provide rebar modeling functions however it takes a vast amount of modeling time for modeling of rebar in use of that function hence there is no BIM software at present for practical use. Therefore, in this study, we organized and presented a practical rebar quantity estimationtion process in BIM-based design work-site and intended to develop a program named Rebar Automatic Arrangement Program -hereinafter called RAAP -which enables automatic rebar arrangement based on much more precise cross-sectional information of bars in column, beam, slab and wall than the one from existing 2D method under the conditions without any cross-sectional information in the initial design phase. In addition, we intended to establish rebar quantity estimationtion process in the initial design phase through interworking of modeling & quantity estimationtion functions in consideration of joint, anchoring length of BuilderHUB as a BIM software with RAAP. The results from this study are practical in developing a technology that is able to estimationte quantity with more improved reliability than the one from existing 2D-based methods with less effort when the quantity of framework is estimationted in the uncompleted state of cross-sectional design for structural members in the initial design phase of a construction project. And it is expected that it could be utilized as a basic study from which a reasonable quantity estimationtion program can be established in the initial design phase.
With the gradual increase of pumping construction of medium and high-rise buildings in China, the construction requirements for concrete pumping process are gradually improved. Based on a project in Wuhan, this paper applied BIM technology on the pumping concrete construction process. Through the use of several softwares, the optimization of pumping pipeline layout, simulation of construction schedule, and priority grouping of marked bends was achieved. The details of the concrete construction of concrete pumping using BIMtechnology were shown, providing a reference for the application of BIM technology in the field of pumping concrete.
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