A three-axis micro magnetic sensor (MS) is developed based on the standard 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The MS designs two magnetic sensing elements (MSEs), which consists of an x/y-MSE and an z-MSE, to reduce cross-sensitivity. The x/y-MSE is constructed by an x-MSE and an y-MSE that are respectively employed to detect in the x- and y-direction magnetic field (MF). The z-MSE is used to sense in the z-direction MF. The x/y-MSE, which is constructed by two magnetotransistors, designs four additional collectors that are employed to increase the sensing current and to enhance the sensitivity of the MS. The Sentaurus TCAD software simulates the characteristic of the MS. The measured results reveal that the MS sensitivity is 534 mV/T in the x-direction MF, 525 mV/T in the y-direction MF and 119 mV/T in the z-axis MF.
In this study, the experimental design is developed based on the testing procedure for the lifetime performance index of products following Weibull lifetime distribution under progressive type I interval censoring. This research topic is related to asymmetrical probability distributions and applications across disciplines. The asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the lifetime performance index is utilized to develop the testing procedure. In order to reach the given power level, the minimum sample size is determined and tabulated. In order to minimize the total cost that occurred under progressive type I interval censoring, the sampling design is investigated to determine the minimum number of inspection intervals and equal interval lengths when the termination time of experiment is fixed or not fixed. For illustrative aims, one practical example is given for the implementation of our proposed sampling design to collect the progressive type I interval censored sample so that the users can use this sample to test if the lifetime performance index exceeds the desired target level.
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F]T807 is a potent tau protein imaging agent. In order to fulfill the demand from preclinical and clinical studies, we developed an automated one-pot two-step synthesis of this potent tau imaging agent and studied its stability, and dosimetry in mice and monkeys. We also conducted a preliminary study of this imaging agent in humans. Using this one-pot two-step method, the radiochemical yield (RCY) of [
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F]T807 was 20.5 ± 6.1% (n = 15) at the end of bombardment (EOB) in a synthesis time of 70±5 min. The chemical and radiochemical purities were >90% and the specific activities were 151 ± 52 GBq/μmol. The quality of [
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F]T807 synthesized by this method met the U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) criteria. The stability test showed that the [
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F]T807 injection was stable at room temperature for up to 4 h after the end of synthesis (EOS). The estimated effective dose of the [
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F]T807 injection extrapolated from monkeys was 19 μSv/MBq (n = 2), while the estimated effective doses of the [
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F]T807 injection extrapolated from fasted and non-fasted mice were 123 ± 27 (n = 3) and 94 ± 19 (n = 4) μSv/MBq, respectively. This one-pot two-step automated method produced the [
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F]T807 injection with high reproducibility and high quality. PET imaging and radiation dosimetry evaluation in mice and Formosan rock monkeys suggested that the [
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F]T807 injection synthesized by this method is suitable for use in human PET imaging studies. Thus, this method could fulfill the demand for the [
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F]T807 injection in both preclinical and clinical studies of tauopathies, especially for nearby study sites without cyclotrons.
In the balloon angioplasty‐injured vascular tissues, abnormal cell proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells have been believed to play an important role during the disease progression. It still lacks final conclusion and research evidences at present to clarify whether possessing the characteristics of advanced aging will become a susceptibility factor of restenosis. Therefore, the senescence accelerated mouse‐prone 8 (SAMP8) was applied as animal model to induce neointimal hyperplasia by wire injury in this project. The statistical results suggested that the ratio of neointimal‐to‐medial area (N/M ratio) was lower in the SAMP8 mice than in the wild‐type mice of the same age, which implicated that the aging factor may reduce the severity of neointimal hyperplasia. The immunohistochemistry staining was further used to examine the expression of β‐galactosidase, a senescence marker, in the vascular tissues. The level of β‐galactosidase was higher in SAMP8 mice than in the wild‐type mice of the same age. Hence, a cellular senescence model was induced by CoCl2 treatment in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to investigate the regulations and mechanisms of senescence in the cell proliferation and migration of VSMCs. We found that CoCl2‐induced senescent VSMCs to the serum‐triggered stimulations in the cell growth and migration were negatively correlated with treatment concentration of CoCl2. Similarly, this phenomenon was also found in the regulation of AKT and ERK 1/2. Thus, aging factor may reduce the sensitivity of VSMCs to the exogenous stimulatory factors with consistent results to the in vivo study.
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