The performance of hybrid perovskite-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is markedly enhanced by the application of a NiO electrode interlayer and moderate methylamine treatment. A hybrid perovskite-based LED exhibits a peak luminous efficiency of 15.9 cd A biased at 8.5 V, 407.65 mA cm , and 65 300 cd m , showing a distinctive impact for future applications.

Nanophotonics has been a focused research discipline for the past decade and has resulted in many novel concepts that promise to change human life. However, the actual penetration of this research into real products is severely limited mostly due to the slow development of economic nanofabrication. In this study, we have demonstrated a versatile and low-cost nanofabrication method referred to as "angled nanospherical-lens lithography (A-NLL)", which is able to produce large-scale and periodic nanopatterns. The nanopatterns designed within a two-dimensional polar chart can be carefully fabricated on the substrate. The fabricated patterns easily cover an area larger than 1 cm, which is beneficial as platforms for surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) where an expensive and bulky IR microscope is not required. We believe that the proposed A-NLL method is ideal for industrialization of future nanophotonic applications.

Rapid detection of the handiness of chiral molecules is an important topic for pharmaceutical industries because chiral drugs with opposing handiness sometimes exhibit unwanted side effects. In this research, a rapid optical method is proposed to determine the handiness of the chiral drug “Thalidomide”. The platform is a large array of three-dimensional (3D) twisted metamaterials fabricated with a novel method by combining nanospherical-lens lithography (NLL) and hole–mask lithography (HML). The fabrication is high-throughput and the twisted metamaterials cover a large area. Strong circular dichroism (CD) response is observed in the near-infrared (NIR) region, which enables the chiral detection to be performed by a low-cost and portable spectroscope system. The proposed nanofabrication method significantly improves the capabilities of NLL and HML, which can be quickly adapted to fabricate various periodic 3D metamaterials. In addition, the results of this research pave the road for the rapid penetration of nanophotonics into the pharmaceutical industries.

The routine GPS tracking data that will be collected for the precise orbit determination of the eight COSMIC spacecraft will contain valuable information about the terrestrial gravity field. Numerical simulations based on current straw-man mission scenarios have shown: (1) For the static model of the gravity field, significant improvement is possible over our present knowledge embodied in the EGM96 model, out to harmonic degree as high as 40.(2) With respect to time-varying gravitational signals, large-scale mass transport processes in the geophysical fluids (e.g., atmosphere and oceans) can be detected or monitored during the mission, providing important glo bal change information. Further sophisticated simulations incorporating more realistic force models will be needed once COSMIC mission scenario and spacecraft design are completely defined.