Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxic reactions which are not restricted by the major histocompatibility complex. In recent years it has become apparent that a minor proportion of malignant lymphomas expresses an NK-cell phenotype defined by its reactivity with the CD56 antibody. Primary purely cutaneous CD56 + lymphomas have rarely been reported. They share a generally aggressive course and are highly associated with Epstein-Barr virus. We describe a patient with a primary cutaneous nasal-type T/NK-cell lymphoma that presented as a haemophagocytic syndrome and showed an aggressive clinical course.

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Abstract. Excess body weight is associated with a moderately increased risk of thyroid cancer. Adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, has been shown to enhance cell growth and migration in many cancer types. Limited evidence suggests that leptin has direct actions on the thyroid gland, but there are no data available on the effect of leptin on thyroid cancer cells. We evaluated the action of leptin on gene expression, cell growth, cell cycle, and cell migration in anaplastic (ARO), follicular (WRO) and papillary (CGTH-W3) thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Expression of long-form leptin receptors was observed in all thyroid cancer cell lines. Leptin stimulation did not alter the expression levels of leptin, leptin receptor and sodiumiodide symporter. Cell growth and cell cycle were not changed after leptin treatment. However, leptin was able to promote cell migration of papillary thyroid cancer cells, but inhibited migration of anaplastic and follicular cancer cells. In summary, our study suggests that leptin modulates cell migration of thyroid cancer cells in a cell type-specific manner.

A new type of high-order multi-resolution weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes (Zhu and Shu in J Comput Phys, 375: 659-683, 2018) is applied to solve for steady-state problems on structured meshes. Since the classical WENO schemes (Jiang and Shu in J Comput Phys, 126: 202-228, 1996) might suffer from slight post-shock oscillations (which are responsible for the residue to hang at a truncation error level), this new type of high-order finite-difference and finite-volume multi-resolution WENO schemes is applied to control the slight post-shock oscillations and push the residue to settle down to machine zero in steady-state simulations. This new type of multi-resolution WENO schemes uses the same large stencils as that of the same order classical WENO schemes, could obtain fifth-order, seventh-order, and ninth-order in smooth regions, and could gradually degrade to first-order so as to suppress spurious oscillations near strong discontinuities. The linear weights of such new multi-resolution WENO schemes can be any positive numbers on the condition that their sum is one. This is the first time that a series of unequal-sized hierarchical central spatial stencils are used in designing high-order finitedifference and finite-volume WENO schemes for solving steady-state problems. In comparison with the classical fifth-order finite-difference and finite-volume WENO schemes, the residue of these new high-order multi-resolution WENO schemes can converge to a tiny number close to machine zero for some benchmark steady-state problems.