Thermal oxidative stability of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) seed oil added with different levels of capsaicin or tocopherol as antioxidant during heating up to 48 h at 140±5°C was studied. Lipid oxidation of soy and pepper oil with different levels of capsaicin (0.12, 0.24%) and tocopherol (0.3, 0.6%) were evaluated during storage at 140°C for 0, 12, 24 and 48 h by monitoring peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and chemiluminiscence (CL). Capsaicin content of crude pepper oil (0.16 mg/ml) was much higher than that of commercial brands (0.004-0.02 mg/ml). Oleate content was signifi cantly (p<0.05) higher in soy oil (53.7%) than pepper oil (9.5%), however, linoleate and linolenate contents were signifi cantly (p<0.05) higher in pepper oil (70.6, 5.8%) than in soy oil (25.9, 5.8%). TBARS, PV, and CL of pepper oil were signifi cantly (p<0.05) lower than soy oil after frying. TBARS and CL values of pepper oil with different levels of capsaicin or tocopherol showed signifi cantly (p<0.05) lower values than untreated pepper oil during frying and storage. TBARS and CL values of 0.6% tocopherol treated pepper oil showed signifi cantly (p<0.05) lower values than those of soy oil. The study suggests that capsaicin and tocopherol may play a key role to prevent the thermal oxidation of pepper oil during frying.

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␥ ␥ ␥ ␥ ␥-Oryzanol and ␣ ␣ ␣ ␣ ␣-tocopherol were added to beef patties as natural antioxidants. Beef patties containing 100 ppm ␥ ␥ ␥ ␥ ␥-oryzanol had higher oxidative stability (P < 0.05) during storage at 4°C than did beef patties with other antioxidants and without antioxidant. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values, warmed over flavor (WOF) scores, C-7 oxidized cholesterol derivatives (OCDs), and concentrations of both hydroperoxide and hexanal in the cooked beef containing ␥ ␥ ␥ ␥ ␥-oryzanol were significantly lower than those of other treatments (P < 0.05). All variables had similar trends during the refrigerated storage. Significant correlations were found between TBARS and C-7 OCDs, TBARS and WOF, hydroperoxide and hexanal, and hexanal and WOF (P < 0.05).

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This study was performed to investigate the physicochemical and microbiological properties of isoflavone-treated dry cured sausage from sulfur fed pork (0.3%) during storage at 15°C for 45 days. Groups were divided into three treatments: dry-cured sausages produced with pork fed general diet as the control group (CON), sulfur-fed pork (SUL) and isoflavone-(0.25%) treated sulfur-fed pork (ISO). Moisture content in all groups decreased dramatically from 55–57% to 10–11% during storage, whereas crude protein, crude fat, and ash content increased (P < 0.05). The ISO group showed excellent antioxidant effect compared to CON during storage. Redness and lightness of ISO was higher than that of CON during storage. VBN in the ISO group was significantly lower than that in the CON and SUL treatments during 30 and 45 days of storage (P < 0.05). A total plate count of ISO was significantly lower than that of CON at 45 days (P < 0.05). In this study, adding isoflavone to meat products indicated prevention of lipid oxidation and improved color stability in meat products.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of fermented turmeric extract on body weight, abdominal fat mass and biochemical markers related to obesity in rats fed high fat diet. Turmeric and brown sugar was equally mixed and fermented for one year. Wistar rats (weighing about 125 g (15 rats)) were divided into three groups: high fat diet (20.9%) and brown sugar 7.2% (HFD), turmeric powder in replace of corn starch 12.8%, brown sugar 7.2% (TP), fermented turmeric powder 20% (FTP) for four weeks. The final body weight was about 425g. The retroperitoneal fat weights in TP group showed the tendency to decrease regardless of feed intake in the rats. Serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the FTP group showed the lowering tendency than those of the HFD group (p<0.05). Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the FTP group was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the HFD group, and serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in all the groups were similar. These results suggest that fermented turmeric extract might be effective to prevent obesity in rats fed high fat diet.

The aim of this study was to estimate the shelf life of butter and cheese products, with shelf life being a guide used to determine the storage period of food before deterioration. Butter and cheese samples stored at 10℃ and 15℃ had a shelf life of 221 d, while those stored at 25℃ and 35℃ had a shelf life of 109 d. Quality changes, including total cell count, coliform counts, Listeria monocytogenes counts, acid value, moisture content, pH, acidity and overall sensory evaluation, were monitored. In order to pass the overall sensory evaluation, a quality score of 5 points on a 9-point scale was required. For other quality criteria, legal quality limits were established based on the “Process Criteria and Ingredient Standard of Livestock Products” by the Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency (Republic of Korea). The nonlegal quality limit was estimated by regression analysis between non-quality criteria (y) and overall sensory evaluation (x). The shelf life was estimated based on the number of days that the product passed the quality limit of the quality criteria. The shelf life of samples stored at 10℃, 15℃, 25℃ and 35℃ was 21.94, 17.18, 6.10 and 0.58 mon, respectively, for butter and 10.81, 9.47, 4.64 and 0.20 mon, respectively, for cheese.

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