Background: Multicolor flow cytometry-based DNA-ploidy (MFC-ploidy) analysis is a simple, sensitive, and popular method for ploidy analysis in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, the utility of MFC-ploidy in the detection of B-ALL with endoreduplication or masked hypodiploidy has not been reported. Herein, we studied the patterns of MFC-ploidy assessment and its utility to detect B-ALL with hypodiploidy and endoreduplication.Methods: MFC-ploidy analysis was performed using FxCycle Violet-dye-based method, and cytogenetic ploidy was evaluated using chromosomal-counting and FISH analysis. A total of 20 B-ALL cases with endoreduplication were studied for the patterns of MFC-ploidy analysis and compared with 250 patients with hyperdiploidy and 11 cases with pure hypodiploidy.Results: All B-ALL with endoreduplication revealed two distinct peaks (populations) on MFC-ploidy analysis: the first (hypodiploid) peak (median-DNA-index [DI], 0.82; range, 0.6-0.95) and the second (hyperdiploid) peak with almost twice DI (median-DI, 1.53; range, 1.14-1.75). Cytogenetic findings were available in 19 cases and confirmed hypodiploidy with endoreduplication in 13/19 (68.4%) and only hypodiploidy in 3/19 cases. The remaining three cases showed hyperdiploid blasts in cytogenetic studies. Of these three, two cases had <10% blasts population with hypodiploidy. Thus, masked-hypodiploidy could be diagnosed correctly in 3/19 cases on MFCploidy analysis.Conclusion: MFC-ploidy analysis shows a characteristic pattern of DNA-ploidy in samples with endoreduplication. It allows the distinction between samples with masked hypodiploidy from true hyperdiploidy. An integrated approach involving cytogenetic and MFC-ploidy detection is very helpful in the risk stratification of B-ALL in routine clinical practice.
From the stem bark of E. maculata Hook, 5,7-dihydroxy 4'-methoxy flavanone (isosakuranetin) and leucopeargoniid in-3 -0-a-L-rhamno-$-D-glucopyranoside have been isolated. ha ell na troduction E , maculata Hook (Myrtaceae) is well known for its medicinal value -I. Its highly astringent bark is geneIly used in the treatment of asthma ~d chronic bronchitis. GELL et al. [21 .ve earlier reported the presence of agic acid, p-hydroxy cinnamic acid, .ringenin and 7-methyl aromadendrin 1 in the plant. i The powdered stem bark was extracted with boiling ethanol. The extract was concentrated and fractionated into petroleum ether and ethyl acetate soluble fractions, respectively. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction on repeated crystallisation from ethyl acetate-light petrol mixture gave a cream coloured, chromatographically (PC and TLC) homogeneous compound (A), yield 0.015 O / o . The mother liquor, on further concentration and maceration with acetone, followed by crystallisation of the acetone soluble compound from ethanol-ether mixture gave a colourless, homogeneous compound (B), yield 0.035 O/O. Compound ( A )Compound (A) C, (,Hl,05, m.p. 195' gave all the characteristic colour reactions of flavonoids [3-51 and R E ; : :290 and 325 (sh) nm. The compound analysed for two hydroxyl groups (diacetate) and one methoxyl group (Zeisel). UV spectral studies, including shifts with different reagents [6, 71 and alkali degradation, indicated the presence of free hydroxyl groups at positions 5 and 7. Thus it was inferred that Downloaded by: University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Copyrighted material.
Background: Asparagus racemosus, Cissus quadrangularis, Punica granatum and Pueraria tuberosa are employed for their supposed properties in treatment in alleviating symptoms of menopause traditionally from ages. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the estrogenic effect of Asparagus racemosus, Cissus quadrangularis, Punica granatum and Pueraria tuberosa in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Materials and Methods: Female wistar rats were divided into sham control and ovariectomized (OVX), OVX rats receiving standard drug, raloxifene (5.4 mg/kg) and groups treated with 500 mg/kg and 700 mg/kg of test drug (containing equal quantity of Asparagus racemosus, Pueraria tuberose, Cissus quadrangularis and Punica granatum extracts) daily for 90 days. The vaginal cornification, uterine weight, bone loss, biomechanical, biochemical and histopathological observation were carried out to ascertain the effect of test drug in post-menopausal syndrome. Results: The experimental animals treated with mixture of extract of four drugs showed dose dependent activity. The significant increase in uterine weight, femur BMD, femur hardness, was observed. In addition, increased levels of calcium and phosphorus in serum and significant decreased in urine were observed as compared to control OVX group. The histopathological results also confirm the protective effect of extracts. Conclusion: The present findings strongly suggest that Asparagus racemosus, Cissus quadrangularis, Punica granatum and Pueraria tuberosa possess the potent estrogenic activity in ovariectomized rats and substantiate the ethnic use in treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Microbiological quality and organochlorine pesticide residual contamination in raisins in a restricted area of Lucknow city, India was assessed in 20 samples. Total bacterial count was found in both open and packed raisin samples within the acceptable range (10(5)-<10(6)). The presence of food pathogens like Salmonella spp. and Enterobacteriaceae was detected more in open samples whereas Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were absent. Lactobacilli spp. was found in all open samples and two packed samples. Presence of OCP residue was also found below the MRL although low levels of alpha-HCH and gamma-HCH were detected in samples. The study shows presence of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms as well as OCP residue within permissible limits which was more in open samples than in packed ones.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, a quiet plague, has become a significant wellbeing danger, harassing about half of postmenopausal ladies around the world, and is accepted to be a malady that is one of the most well-known face to face who is encountering dementia achieved by mature age. It is a constant, dynamic condition, related with infinitesimal weakening of bone tissue, bringing about diminished bone mass, diminished bone quality which builds the danger of break. Ladies are bound to create osteoporosis than men because of decrease in estrogen during menopause which prompts decrease in bone-development and increment in bone-resorption action. Estrogen can stifle creation of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1, IL-6, IL-7 and TNF-α. This is the reason these cytokines are raised in postmenopausal ladies. This paper manages the different techniques and parameters most every now and again utilized for screening of antiosteoporotic movement in post-menopausal osteoporesis. The ovariectomized creature model is the most proper model for considering the adequacy of various medications to forestall bone misfortune in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Different parameters dissected are: Biomechanical parameters as Three point bowing of tibia, Compression IV lumbar vertebra, Loading trial of femoral neck, Bone mineral thickness estimation; Biochemical parameters viz. serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus, serum basic phosphatase (ALP), Tartrate safe corrosive phosphatase (TRAP), protein profile, serum ACTH, corticosterone, IL-6, TNF-α, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and deoxypyridinoline crosslinks to creatinine proportion (DPD/Cr); Physical parameters like thickness and the length of the femur, weight of femur, Femur bone volume, bone thickness and so forth; Histopathology of femur to watch histopathological changes like size, shape and bone design; problematic and lytic changes, and fibrocartilageneous lattice with osteodystrophy; therapeutic advancement with mineralization alongside genuinely very much dispersed osteocytes; trabeculae and grid, and shaft size and so on; Histopathology of tibia to watch bone zone, bone volume per tissue volume, bone edge, outright number of dynamic osteoblasts, the proportion of indisputably the quantity of dynamic cuboid osteoblasts per bone border, the proportion of without a doubt the quantity of osteoclasts per osteoclast edge which speak to part of the trabeculae that are secured with osteoclasts, trabecular thickness, trabecular partition, trabecular number, mineralized bone volume per tissue volume, the osteoid volume per bone volume, the osteoid surface per bone surface, the osteoblast surface per bone surface, the disintegrated surface per bone surface. Different parameters as histopathology of uterus and mammary organ tissue, immunohistochemical recoloring to quantify ER level, pee examinations, body weight, organ weight, nourishment utilization, estrogen receptor ligand restricting test (ER-LBA), assurance of oxidative pressure, social test by constrained swimming test, neonatal mouse parietal bone resorption measure and so forth can likewise be completed.
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