BackgroundAn important constituent of an orthodontic appliance is orthodontic brackets. It is either the bracket or the archwire that slides through the bracket slot, during sliding mechanics. Overcoming the friction between the two surfaces demands an important consideration in an appliance design. The present study investigated the surface roughness of four different commercially available stainless steel brackets.MethodsAll tests were carried out to analyse quantitatively the morphological surface of the bracket slot floor with the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM) machine and to qualitatively analyse the average surface roughness (Sa) of the bracket slot floor with the help of a three-dimensional (3D) non-contact optical surface profilometer machine.ResultsThe SEM microphotographs were evaluated with the help of visual analogue scale, the surface roughness for group A = 0—very rough surface, group C = 1—rough surface, group B = 2—smooth surface, and group D = 3—very smooth surface. Surface roughness evaluation with the 3D non-contact optical surface profilometer machine was highest for group A, followed by group C, group B and group D. Groups B and D provided smooth surface roughness; however, group D had the very smooth surface with values 0.74 and 0.75 for mesial and distal slots, respectively.ConclusionsEvaluation of surface roughness of the bracket slot floor with both SEM and profilometer machine led to the conclusion that the average surface roughness was highest for group A, followed by group C, group B and group D.
The fixed orthodontic treatment is not contraindicated in systemic disorders, where orthodontist reveals the diagnosis from medical practitioner and plan the orthodontic treatment, oral hygiene maintenance and necessary prophylaxis. Due to privation of practical guidelines and fear of advancing the contagion, many orthodontist do not treat patient potentially at the risk of developing endocarditis. This review article highlights the sign, symptoms, orthodontic guidelines and prophylaxis modalities for infective endocarditis (IE).
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