National science education standards emphasize actively engaging students in developing their abilities in and understanding of scientific inquiry as a way to learn important concepts in the earth sciences and other disciplines. Too few high-quality instructional tools, based on the national standards, currently exist that model this type of activity for sixth-grade students.To promote this approach, we created a national laboratory/middle-school partnership to develop a hands-on, inquiry-based research project related to flash floods in southeastern Washington State. The project, conducted during the 2003-2004 school year, built on the middle-school Catastrophic Events module developed by the National Science Resources Center. Seventeen student research teams deepened their understanding of geology, hydrology, and meteorology and applied this understanding as they analyzed and evaluated data they collected. The student teams wrote technical reports and created posters that synthesized the data and presented conclusions and recommendations based on their findings. The project models a successful approach for developing an inquiry-based earth science project and creating a meaningful partnership between schools and scientists.
The American Johnnie Ray (1927–1990) is best known for his emotional rendition of Churchill Kohlman's song ‘Cry’, a tune that Ray recorded with Mitch Miller in 1951. This song, along with Ray's own composition, ‘The Little White Cloud That Cried’, earned Ray nicknames such as ‘The Nabob of Sob’ and ‘The Cry Guy’. Although wildly popular in the mid-1950s, Johnnie Ray was soon overshadowed by his contemporaries and has been virtually ignored by scholars.This essay situates Ray's music and his hearing impairment in the material and mediated conditions of his life. In addition to interpreting Ray's signature performances, the essay deals with Ray's childhood musicality, his appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show, the influence of televangelism on Ray, cinematic contexts for his life and art, and the hearing aid technology of the 1940s and 1950s.
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