State, Central Ethiopia in four selected study area to investigate the prevalence, burden of helminths, and to asses associated risk factors. A total of 326 fecal samples were used for qualitative and quantitative coprological examination. The overall prevalence was 61% of gastrointestinal (GI) helminths and the prevalent helminthes eggs identified were Strongyle type egg (41%), Fasciola (36.5%), Paraphostomum (18.4%), Toxocara (7.7%), Trichuris (5.2%), and Monezia (2.8%). This result indicated the highest prevalence of Strongyle type eggs than other helminths egg and the lowest prevalence of Monezia egg. Out of 61% of infected animals 9.5% of prevalence was recorded in an animal having history of anthelmintic treatment while the rest 51.5% was recorded in the animal having no history of anthelmintic treatment. The 30.9% of animals were found to be infected with more than one helminths parasite. There was higher mean eggs per gram (EPG) in animals >7 years of age group, followed by animals <2 and 2 to 6 years age group. But no significant difference was observed among age groups except Trichuris (P = 0.006) that is high in animals <2 years of age and lower in animals 2 to 6 years of age. The occurrence of many GI helminths was found relatively higher in males than females. But there was no significant difference observed between sexes with exception of Trichuris that was higher in males. The mean burden of Strongyle and total EPG was found significant (P=0.00) among animals of different body condition. Finally, conclusions were drawn and recommendations were forwarded.

Background Nowadays ingestion of indigestible foreign bodies poses serious economic loss to domestic ruminants, especially in a developing country. Objectives The study aims to determine the prevalence of indigestible foreign bodies in the forestomach of domestic ruminants slaughtered at Bishoftu Elfora Export Abattoir and its associated potential risk factors and identify the location and type of these indigestible foreign bodies. Study animals On 384 domestic ruminants (171 goats, 125 sheep and 88 cattle) presented for slaughter from different zones of the region. Methods Cross‐sectional study design was conducted from May 2021 to September 2021. Each animal was subjected to ante‐mortem and post‐mortem inspection by providing a unique identification number. For post‐mortem examination, the forestomach was carefully removed from the abdominal cavity. For the positives, the location was properly recorded, washed, identified and photographed. Results The overall prevalence of indigestible foreign bodies in domestic ruminants was 30.73% (118/384). Of these, 32.75% (56/171), 28% (35/125) and 30.68% (27/88) were recorded in goats, sheep and cattle, respectively, without statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Aged domestic ruminants 39.3% (33/84) had poor body conditions 38.98% (23/59), originated from the Borena zone 42.11% (16/38) and were relatively recorded with higher prevalence. From the forestomach compartments, the indigestible foreign bodies were majorly found in rumen 86.43% (102/118) and reticulum 13.56% (16/118) with a statistical difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion and clinical importance Ingestion of indigestible foreign bodies mainly during the dry season due to shortage of forage, less biodegradable and negligent waste disposal like plastic bags attribute environmental and animal health problems and pose loss to the national economy.

Dystocia is an abnormal and difficult birth in which the first or the second stage of labour is markedly prolonged and subsequently found impossible for the dam to deliver without artificial aid. In cattle, it can be relieved by different obstetric methods, including the cesarean operation and fetotomy. Caesarean section is the extraction of the fetus or foeti from the dam, through a surgical opening in the abdominal wall and the uterus. This surgical method can be performed by about eight alternative surgical approaches in bovines with its advantages and disadvantages. However, the selection is dependent on many factors like the type of dystocia, the cows and environmental conditions, the availability of assistants, and the surgeon's preference. For cows, most surgeons use a standing left paralumbar celiotomy. However, the left oblique approach is also preferable under most circumstances because the uterus is readily exteriorized, limiting peritoneal cavity contamination. Besides, alternative approaches are also available that will further limit the potential for contamination but many junior surgeons perform the left paralumbar celiotomy using the same approach each time due to their comfort with one specific approach or lack of familiarity with other available options. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide basic insights and highlight the cesarean section incision approaches with their relative advantages and disadvantages in cows.

The present case report aims to describe surgical repair and management of inguinal hernia in a 2‐month‐old, 5 kg, female kid admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. General and clinical examination revealed a large swelling in the left groin, progressing to the groin area that could be reduced to the ring. After aseptic preparation of the surgical site, stabilisation with diazepam at 0.1 mg/kg and circular infiltration with 2% lidocaine hydrochloride at 3.4 mg/kg, a sharp linear incision was made in the skin and subcutaneous tissue over the swelling slightly lateral to the udder. Then the contents were identified and relocated. From there, the ring was renewed and sutured with the appropriate threads and patterns followed by muscle layer and skin. After the operation, the kid was administered with antibiotics and analgesics intramuscularly for 3 days, incision site was dressed with diluted chlorhexidine solution and the kid successfully recovered without complications.

Urinary and bowel dysfunction is a condition that encompasses loss of bladder and bowel control which is characterized by partial or complete loss of defecation and urination. Urinary and bowel dysfunction is multifactorial and mainly caused by spinal cord injury at the lumbosacral level or more cranial. The present case report was aimed to show techniques and outcomes of colotomy to resolve constipation secondary to bowel dysfunction in a cat. A 1-year-old female cat weighing 1.3 kg was presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a history of anorexia dullness, abdominal distension, and absence of defecation for the last 8-days. Clinical examination revealed stunted growth, poor body condition, very weak anal and pedal reflex, distended abdomen, dehydration, and lateral recumbency. Based on the history and clinical findings the case was diagnosed as constipation and exploratory laparotomy was indicated after sufficient stabilization. The caudal ventral midline was used to perform colotomy to remove accumulated feces. Post-operatively fluid therapy, antibiotics, laxative, and vitamins were administered accordingly. Upon 52-days follow-up; the patient was able to pass her feces completely, while urine retention and incontinence remains unresolved. Therefore, the owner was advised how to apply gentle external compression of the bladder to assist urination.

No abstract

Introduction An abscess is the most common swelling observed on the skin surface of the animal body with a collection of pus due to microbial invasion of the dermis and its supporting structures. Case Description In the present case, nine-years-old male Zebu cattle were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) with a history of swelling on the cheek. Clinical findings of the mass revealed that there was well-circumscribed, firm, movable cold, and not painful superficial skin swelling on the body of the mandible and check. Culturing on blood agar and gram staining was conducted and then, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from the sample. Following clinical and laboratory finding the case was diagnosed as caseous lymphadenitis and En bloc excision of the case was performed under local infiltration of anesthesia. Conclusion The suture was removed after 15-days post-intervention and the bull was successfully recovered without any other complications. Therefore, management of well-circumscribed, firm, and movable superficial skin abscess in cattle through en bloc excision along with antibacterial therapy and allowing the skin wound to heal by the first intention should be effective.

A 6-year-old multiparous Borana breed cow, which has been suffering from difficulty walking for 6 months, was presented to veterinary teaching hospital. As her previous history indicated, the lameness started during the second gestation, especially in the early morning, and subsides after a few hours of sunrise. She was completely cured after giving her second birth and a similar condition reappeared from the 5th month of the third gestation until she gave birth. However, unexpectedly the disease aggravated after 2 days of parturition, and she was unable to walk and forced to stay indoors due to complete extension of the stifle joint. As a result, she was unable to lay down and maintained a permanent standing position for 2 months of aggravation. Clinical findings showed difficult mobilization of the right hind leg, which was locked in extension at the stifle joint, and the hoof was dragging on the floor. Based on history and clinical findings, upper fixation of the patella was diagnosed, and it was treated with median patellar desmotomy under local anesthetic infiltration. Finally, after the complete severing of the medial ligament and skin closure, the animal was able to walk normally, and the wound was healed uneventfully.