The study examined relationships among work and family role stressors, work—family conflict, social support, and well‐being using data gathered from 119 men and 119 women who were partners in a two‐career relationship. Results showed that within‐domain relationships of stressors with well‐being are stronger than between‐domain relationships. Thus, work and family role stressors were primarily related to job satisfaction and family satisfaction respectively, whereas work and family role stressors as well as work—family conflict were associated with overall life stress. Similar results were found for the relationships of social support with well‐being. Work support was associated with increased job satisfaction, while spouse support was associated with greater family satisfaction. Some gender differences were found in the relationships of stressors and social support with well‐being. Implications of the findings for future research on work—family dynamics were discussed.

Two studies examined whether individualism (orientation toward one's own welfare), collectivism (orientation toward the welfare of one's larger community), and familism (orientation toward the welfare of one's immediate and extended family) are distinct cultural values predicted by race/ ethnicity. The 3 constructs proved to be separate dimensions, although collectivism and familism were positively correlated. In Study 1, persons of color scored higher on collectivism and familism than did Anglos. No differences emerged for individualism. Also, persons of color scored higher than Anglos on racial/ethnic identity, which in turn was a positive predictor of all 3 cultural values. In Study 2, we replicated the group differences on collectivism and familism for men but not for women.

No abstract

This study examined the relationship between infant feeding status and parity of mothers, and the psychophysiological and behavioral responses of mothers to their infants' emotional signals. Forty‐eight mothers (half breast‐feeders, half bottle‐feeders) viewed previously prepared videotaped segments of their infants' emotional expressions as heart rate, skin conductance responses, and facial expressions were monitored. Afterwards, mothers rated their subjective emotional responses to the scenes (self reports of happiness, sadness, anxiety, irritability, and helplessness) and their readiness to pick up the baby. Mothers completed an empathy measure and provided information about their choice of feeding mode and level of satisfaction with the feeding experience. The most important finding of the study was the evidence of strikingly different response patterns characterizing breast‐ and bottle‐feeding mothers across response measures. Skin conductance measures indicated that breast‐feeders may have been more relaxed under laboratory conditions than bottle‐feeders; breast‐feeders also showed a differential pattern of cardiac response to infant stimuli. On subjective measures of emotional response, the breast‐feeders were more inclined to want interaction with the infant and they also expressed greater satisfaction with the feeding experience. Response patterns were interpreted as suggesting differential physiology of the lactating mother as well as different prior personality factors operating on choice of feeding mode. A few sex of infant and maternal parity effects were observed. Empathy and facial expression measures did not differentiate feeding or parity groups.