Establishment and maintenance of proper gene expression is a requirement for normal growth and development. The DREAM complex in Caenorhabditis elegans functions as a transcriptional repressor of germline genes in somatic cells. At 26°C, DREAM complex mutants show temperature associated increase in misexpression of germline genes in somatic cells and High Temperature Arrest (HTA) of worms at the first larval stage. To identify transcription factors required for the ectopic expression of germline genes in DREAM complex mutants, we conducted an RNA interference screen against 123 transcription factors capable of binding DREAM target promoter loci for suppression of the HTA phenotype in lin-54 mutants. We found 15 embryonically expressed transcription factors that suppress the HTA phenotype in lin-54 mutants. Five of the transcription factors found in the initial screen interact with the Wnt signaling pathways.In a subsequent RNAi suppression screen of Wnt signaling factors we found that knockdown of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway factors vang-1, prkl-1 and fmi-1 in lin-54 mutant background resulted in strong suppression of the HTA phenotype. Animals mutant for both lin-54 and vang-1 showed almost complete suppression of the HTA phenotype, pgl-1 misexpression, and fertility defects associated with lin-54 single mutants at 26°C. We propose a model whereby a set of embryonically expressed transcription factors, and the Wnt/PCP pathway, act opportunistically to activate DREAM complex target genes in somatic cells of DREAM complex mutants at 26°C. 4
Background: This study attempts to review our experience. with the diagnosis, management and long term follow up of major tracheobronchial injury Methods: The medical records of 17 patients who underwent surgery for major airway injury between [1986][1987][1988][1989][1990][1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005]
Background: Lower hemisternotomy is a popular minimally invasive approach to correct cardiac lesions. Since June 2000, we started the programme of minimally invasive approach for a variety of cardiac lesions. For the same we have indigenously designed a set of instruments.Methods: Total of 86 patients were operated through this approach. The cardiac lesions corrected include atrial septal defect (ASD) in 60 patients (70%), ventricular septal defect (VSD) in 12 (14%) and mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 14 (16%). The results of ASD closure in 40 patients done through this approach were compared with the control group of patients who underwent ASD closure through full-length sternotomy.Results: In patients in whom ASD closure was done, the mean CPB and aortic cross clamp time in lower hemisternotomy group were significantly longer, 35±14.2 min and 23.3±10.8 min respectively compared to 23±3.9 min and 14±3.5 min in full sternotomy group (p<0.001). Mean ventilation time, blood loss, ICU and hospital stay were significantly low (p<0.001) In patients who were operated through this approach compared with those who were operated through full-length sternotomy.Conslusion: Lower Hemisternotomy is a safe approach in both the pediatric and adult patients and the indigenously designed instrumentation is simple and reusable which helps in improving the operative exposure and ease of surgery.
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