Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the immune response against infections and malignant transformation, and adopted transfer of NK cells is thought to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer patients. Previous reports describing the phenotypic features of canine NK cells have produced inconsistent results. Canine NK cells are still defined as non-B and non-T (CD3−CD21−) large granular lymphocytes. However, a few reports have demonstrated that canine NK cells share the phenotypic characteristics of T lymphocytes, and that CD3+CD5dimCD21− lymphocytes are putative canine NK cells. Based on our previous reports, we hypothesized that phenotypic modulation could occur between these two populations during activation. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and functional differences between CD3+CD5dimCD21− (cytotoxic large granular lymphocytes) and CD3−CD5−CD21− NK lymphocytes before and after culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from normal dogs. The results of this study show that CD3+CD5dimCD21− lymphocytes can be differentiated into non-B, non-T NK (CD3−CD5−CD21−TCRαβ−TCRγδ−GranzymeB+) lymphocytes through phenotypic modulation in response to cytokine stimulation. In vitro studies of purified CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells showed that CD3−CD5−CD21− cells are derived from CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells through phenotypic modulation. CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells share more NK cell functional characteristics compared with CD3−CD5−CD21− cells, including the expression of T-box transcription factors (Eomes, T-bet), the production of granzyme B and interferon-γ, and the expression of NK cell-related molecular receptors such as NKG2D and NKp30. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that CD3+CD5dimCD21− and CD3−CD5−CD21− cells both contain a subset of putative NK cells, and the difference between the two populations may be due to the degree of maturation.
Bipolar resistive switching performance of the nonvolatile memory cells based on ( AgI ) 0.2 ( Ag 2 MoO 4 ) 0.8 solid electrolyte films Nonvolatile programmable metallization cell memory switching element based on Ag-doped SbTe solid electrolyte Appl.Programmable metallization cell structure with a device diameter of 2 m composed of Ag-Ge-Te chalcogenide films was prepared by a cosputtering technique at room temperature. The device with a 150 nm thick Ag 30 ͑Ge 0.3 Te 0.7 ͒ 70 electrolyte switches at 0.2 V from an "off" state resistance R off close to 10 6 ⍀ to an "on" resistance state R on more than four orders of magnitude lower for this programming current. The switching characteristics were closely related with a diffusion of silver anode into silver-saturated GeTe electrolyte films.
We have developed a laser isotope separation technology for the production of the 168 Yb and 176 Yb isotopes. 168 Yb is very useful for the generation of a non destructive testing source, 169 Yb. 176 Yb can be used to produce 177 Lu which is known to be a promising radioisotope for a medical application. For these applications, the abundances of 168 Yb and 176 Yb isotopes should be enriched to more than 15% and 97%, respectively. Our developed system consists of three dye lasers pumped by a diode-pumped solid-state laser, a Yb evaporator, and a photo-ion extractor. Up to now, we could enrich 168 Yb to more than 31% with a productivity of 0.5 mg/h. Also, we succeeded in enriching 176 Yb to more than 97% with a productivity of 27 mg/h.
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