Biogeographical patterns and diversification processes of Asia-centered angiosperm groups have been significantly affected by the multistage uplift of the Himalayas-Tibetan Plateau since the Late Tertiary. The divergence time of the largely East Asian Angelica group (Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae, tribe Selineae) was initially analyzed using BEAST and nrDNA internal transcribed spacer sequence data from 96 representatives of tribe Selineae and relatives. Further analyses of the biogeographical history of the Angelica group were carried out using BEAST, S-DIVA, RASP, and LAGRANGE on datasets containing all or some of the following loci: nrDNA internal and external transcribed spacers; cpDNA rps16 intron; and cpDNA rps16-trnK, rpl32-trnL, and trnL-trnT intergenic spacers. The results suggested that the Angelica group was originally present in the East Palearctic during the global cooling of the late Middle Miocene (13.6 Mya) and that the Angelica s.s. clade originated in the same region at 10.2 Mya. Subsequent diversifications of the Angelica s.s. clade intensified in the East Palearctic during the middle Late Miocene (10.0-7.0 Mya) and in the eastern Himalayan Zone during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene (<4.0 Mya). These diversifications likely corresponded with plateau uplift-driven climatic changes. Considering elevational reconstructions, the differential responses to altitude appear to be the primary factor explaining the recent radiation of the group in the eastern Himalayas. The North American species of the Angelica group were retrieved as polyphyletic and their migrations involved six independent dispersals to North America at least since the middle Late Miocene, including four times from northeast Asia and twice from Europe.
Along with the increase in modern industry, original facilities and cultures have disappeared progressively, leading to the disappearance of traditional values. However, from the perspective of the stewardship of industrial heritage, preservation is vital for Western Europe, where the Industrial Revolution emerged firstly, and it has leading technology in terms of the advanced stewardship of industrial heritage protection. Meanwhile, there is a large market for industrial heritage growth in China, but its stewardship began later. Horizontal and vertical research into the stewardship of the industrial heritage of these two regions offers a review of the developed industrial regions and experiences for developing industrial regions in their future expansion. By analysing the values and dilemmas and the features of the legal, administrative, and fund guarantee systems, this paper summarizes the advanced expertise of the stewardship of industrial heritage in Western Europe and China and proposes strategies based on them.
High-density cities are growing in number and importance due to globalisation, significantly contributing to local, regional, and worldwide economies. It is progressively becoming clear that the high-density features of cities are associated with the frequency of disasters. As more than half of the world’s population currently resides in cities, the study of high-density cities is evolving into an academic topic. In this study, the WoSCC (Web of Science Core Collection) and CiteSpace software were used to visualise and analyse the development history, current status, hotspots, and trends in high-density city research. We analysed a total of 377 valid articles spanning 2001 to 2022. This research aimed to illustrate the trajectory of high-density city development and to summarise the field’s research hotspots and development history after entering the 21st century. It is hoped that this study will provide a theoretical reference and development direction for the future development of the field of high-density city research. Our results indicate that more publications have used the relevant keywords over time and that the research has overall trended from general to specific, noticeably changing in response to urban modernisation. Academic study in this area is still in its early stage. Instead of an inherent urge to spontaneously advance due to academic output, the research field has primarily grown in response to urban problems. COVID-19 has also hastened urban infill, further impacting existing high-density communities’ urban environments, transportation infrastructure, and economies. The global epidemic has added urgency to research on high-density cities, and new content and directions are being developed. Assessing the hazards of high urban density while maximising its economic role is a significant part of academic research on high-density cities at this stage and will remain so in the future.
Ostericum palustre is a critically Endangered species endemic to Europe and was described as the typespecies of the genus Ostericum (Apiaceae). The complete chloroplast genome of O. palustre was reported for the first time, which suggested a circle quadripartite structure of 154923 bp in length comprising the large single-copy region (LSC) of 84750 bp, the small single-copy region (SSC) of 19752 bp, and a pair of inverted regions (IRs) of 25209 bp. There were totally 127 genes including 4 rRNAs, 37 tRNAs, and 82 protein-coding genes. In the phylogenetic analyses, O. palustre was very close to Pterygopleurum neurophyllum but distant from Angelica species, which coincided with the result of ITS sequences analysis. This study provided a significant genetic resource and will be helpful to systematic research and effective conservation.
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