By carefully following the spatial and temporal criteria of the Debye-Hückel (DH) approximation, we present a detailed theoretical study on the redshifts of the spectroscopically isolated He α lines corresponding to the 1s2p 1 P → 1s 2 1 S emission from two-electron ions embedded in external dense plasma. We first focus our study on the ratio R = ω α /ω o between the redshift ω α due to the external plasma environment and the energy ω o of the He α line in the absence of the plasma. Interestingly, the result of our calculation shows that this ratio R turns out to vary as a nearly universal function of a reduced Debye length λ D (Z) = (Z − 1)D. Since the ratio R dictates the necessary energy resolution for a quantitative measurement of the redshifts and, at the same time, the Debye length D is linked directly to the plasma density and temperature, the dependence of R on D should help to facilitate the potential experimental efforts for a quantitative measurement of the redshifts for the He α line of the two-electron ions. In addition, our study has led to a nearly constant redshift ω α at a given D for all He-like ions with Z between 5 and 18 based on our recent critical assessment of the applicability of the DH approximation to atomic transitions. These two general features, if confirmed by observation, would offer a viable and easy alternative in the diagnostic efforts of the dense plasma.

We present a detailed study to resolve the discrepancy between the existing theoretically estimated oscillator strengths and the recently observed result from the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) experiment performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) for the intensity ratio between two of the strongest emission lines from Ne-like Fe XVII (Fe 16+ ) ion. By including the dynamic resonance induced population transfer due to autoionization between the coexisting Fe XVII and Fe XVI (Fe 15+ ) ions in the XFEL experiment, we are able to successfully resolve this difference in theory and experiment. Further experimental works are suggested for a more detailed understanding of the dynamic resonance processes for ions.

Aurora A kinase (AURKA) is an important regulator in mitotic progression and is overexpressed frequently in human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many AURKA mutations were identified in cancer patients. Overexpressing wild-type Aurka developed a low incidence of hepatic tumors after long latency in mice. However, none of the AURKA mutant animal models have ever been described. The mechanism of mutant AURKA-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis is still unclear. A novel AURKA mutation with a.a.352 Valine to Isoleucine (V352I) was identified from clinical specimens. By using liver-specific transgenic fish overexpressing both the mutant and wild-type AURKA, the AURKA(V352I)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis was earlier and much more severe than wild-type AURKA. Although an increase of the expression of lipogenic enzyme and lipogenic factor was observed in both AURKA(V352I) and AURKA(WT) transgenic fish, AURKA(V352I) has a greater probability to promote fibrosis at 3 months compared to AURKA(WT). Furthermore, the expression levels of cell cycle/proliferation markers were higher in the AURKA(V352I) mutant than AURKA(WT) in transgenic fish, implying that the AURKA(V352I) mutant may accelerate HCC progression. Moreover, we found that the AURKA(V352I) mutant activates AKT signaling and increases nuclear β-catenin, but AURKA(WT) only activates membrane form β-catenin, which may account for the differences. In this study, we provide a new insight, that the AURKA(V352I) mutation contributes to early onset hepatocarcinogenesis, possibly through activation of different pathways than AURKA(WT). This transgenic fish may serve as a drug-screening platform for potential precision medicine therapeutics.

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