Objectives: This study aims to explore the roles of 13 m 6 A RNA methylation regulators in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and identify a risk signature and prognostic values of m 6 A RNA methylation regulators in ccRCC. Materials and Methods: RNA sequence data of ccRCC was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed of 13 m 6 A RNA methylation regulators in ccRCC stratified by different clinicopathological characteristics were unveiled using "limma" package in R version 3.6.0. Cox regression and LASSO analyses were conducted to identify the powerful independent prognostic factors in ccRCC associated with overall survival (OS). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and correlation analyses of the 13 m 6 A RNA methylation regulators were performed using "STRING" and R package, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also done using R. In addition, gene ontology (GO), GSEA and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were used to functionally annotate the differentially expressed genes in different subgroups. Results: Most of the 13 m 6 A RNA methylation regulators are differentially expressed in ccRCC tissue samples stratified by different clinicopathological characteristics in 537 patients. Next, a risk signature for predicting prognosis of ccRCC patients, was established based on two powerful independent prognostic m 6 A RNA methylation regulators (METTL14 and METTL3). Then, two subgroups (cluster1 and 2) were identified by consensus clustering to the two powerful independent factors and the cluster1 had a poorer prognosis than cluster2. Furthermore, the genes in cluster1 were significantly enriched in cancer-related pathways, biological process, and hallmarks, including "cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)," "leukocyte migration," "Wnt/β-catenin signaling," and so on. Conclusion: M 6 A RNA methylation regulators play important roles in the initiation and progression of ccRCC and provide a novel sight to understand m 6 A RNA modification in ccRCC.

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Objective This study aimed to assess the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)‐microRNA (miRNA)‐messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory network in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by gene expression analyses. Materials and Methods LncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles in ccRCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differentially expressed lncRNAs, mRNAs (cut‐off: |log 2 [fold change, FC])| > 2.0 and adjusted P < 0.01) and miRNAs (|log 2FC| > 1.5 and adjusted P < 0.01) were unveiled using R. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors of ccRCC related to overall survival (OS). A protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). Key hub genes were screened from top 300 DEmRNAs. LncRNA‐miRNA and miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network were constructed and combined into the competing endogenous RNA regulatory network. Gene ontology biological terms were screened by STRING; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were identified using the “clusterProfiler” package in R. Results A total of 2331, 1517, and 83 DEmRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs were identified, respectively. Eleven lncRNAs (AC016773.1, HOTTIP, LINC00460, NALCN‐AS1, PVT1, TRIM36‐IT1, WT1‐AS, COL18A1‐AS1, LINC00443, LINC00472, and TCL6), three miRNAs (hsa‐mir‐21, hsa‐mir‐144, and hsa‐mir‐155), and three mRNAs (COL4A4, NOD2, and GOLGA8B) were associated with OS. Specifically, four lncRNAs (PVT1, LINC00472, TCL6, and WT1‐AS1) and one mRNA (Collagen Type IV Alpha 4 Chain) were verified as independent prognostic factors by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. Eleven key hub genes were obtained by PPI analysis. “Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs),” “chemical carcinogenesis,” and “cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction” were significantly enriched in the network. Conclusion The findings clarify the pathogenesis of ccRCC and might provide potential therapeutic targets.

What ' s known on the subject? and What does the study add? This study showed that tubeless PCNL could reduce hospital stay with little need for postoperative analgesia. This study discussed the clinical feasibility of tubeless PCNL, which is the tendency of PCNL. Our results are reliable by using veta-analysis from individual studies. OBJECTIVE• To systematically review and compare tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with standard PCNL.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the effects of biomimetic intrafibrillar mineralized collagen (IMC) bone scaffold materials on bone regeneration and the underlying biological mechanisms.Materials and methodsA critical-sized bone defect in the rat femur was created; then IMC, extrafibrillar mineralized collagen, and nano-hydroxyapatite bone scaffold materials were grafted into the defect. Ten weeks after implantation, micro-computed tomography and histology were applied to evaluate the bone regeneration. Furthermore, microarray technology was applied for transcriptional profile analysis at two postoperative time points (7 and 14 days). Subsequently, the critical genes involved in bone regeneration identified by transcriptional analysis were verified both in vivo through immunohistochemical analysis and in vitro by quantitative real-time transcription polymerase chain reaction evaluation.ResultsSignificantly increased new bone formation was found in the IMC group based on micro-computed tomography and histological evaluation (P<0.05). Transcriptional analysis revealed that the early process of IMC-guided bone regeneration involves the overexpression of genes mainly associated with inflammation, immune response, skeletal development, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and the Wnt signaling pathway. The roles of the Wnt signaling pathway-related factors Wnt5a, β-catenin, and Axin2 were further confirmed both in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionThe IMC bone scaffold materials significantly enhanced bone regeneration via activation of the Wnt signaling pathway.

The free locomotion of a two-dimensional flapping flexible plate near the flat ground is studied by the lattice Boltzmann method for fluid flow and a finite-element method for the plate motion. The fluid flow and plate deformation are coupled through the immersed boundary scheme. When the leading edge of the plate is forced to oscillate sinusoidally near the ground, the plate may move freely in the horizontal direction due to the fluid-structure interaction. The mechanisms underlying the ground effect are elucidated. Besides a moderate rigidity, it is found that an appropriate density ratio between the plate and surrounding fluid (M) can improve the propulsive efficiency of the plate. When M is relatively small, the lateral force is enhanced, and the input work is increased when the plate is near the ground; when M is large, the deformation of the plate is inhibited and the input work is decreased when the plate is close to the ground. Usually the closer the plate flapping is to the wall, the more efficient the propulsion is, provided that the tail of the plate would not touch the wall. On the other hand, when the plate is close enough (within a critical lowest distance), the efficiency reaches a plateau with the highest efficiency. The vortices pattern and pressure field are also analyzed to explore the mechanism. This study may shed some light on mechanism for self-propulsion of a flexible plate near the ground.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory network of lncRNAs as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) based on gene expression data derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Materials and methods: RNA sequence profiles and clinical information from 414 BUC tissues and 19 non-tumor adjacent tissues were downloaded from TCGA. Differentially expressed RNAs derived from BUC and non-tumor adjacent samples were identified using the R package "edgeR". Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed using the "clusterProfiler" package. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were analyzed for the differentially expressed mRNAs using the "STRING" database. The network for the dysregulated lncRNA associated ceRNAs was then constructed for BUC using miRcode, miRTarBase, miRDB, and Tar-getScan. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic RNAs associated with BUC overall survival (OS). Survival analysis for the independent prognostic RNAs within the ceRNA network was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Based on our analysis, a total of 666, 1819 and 157 differentially expressed lncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs were identified respectively. The ceRNA network was then constructed and contained 59 lncRNAs, 23 DEmiRNAs, and 52 DEmRNAs. In total, 5 lncRNAs (HCG22, ADAMTS9-AS1, ADAMTS9-AS2, AC078778.1, and AC112721.1), 2 miRNAs (hsa-mir-145 and hsa-mir-141) and 6 mRNAs (ZEB1, TMEM100, MAP1B, DUSP2, JUN, and AIFM3) were found to be related to OS. Two lncRNAs (ADAMTS9-AS1 and ADAMTS9-AS2) and 4 mRNA (DUSP2, JUN, MAP1B, and TMEM100) were validated using GEPIA. Thirty key hub genes were identified using the ranking method of degree. KEGG analysis demonstrated that the majority of the DEmRNAs were involved in pathways associated with cancer. Conclusion: Our findings provide an understanding of the important role of lncRNA-related ceRNAs in BUC. Additional experimental and clinical validations are required to support our findings.

Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of local anesthetic infiltration around nephrostomy tract on postoperative pain control after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods: This systematic review was performed based on randomized clinic trials about local anesthetic infiltration around nephrostomy tract on postoperative pain control. The weighted mean difference (WMD), with their corresponding 95% CI, was calculated to compare continuous variables. Results: Our results showed that the consumption of analgesic was less in the experimental group than in the control group (WMD -25.32, 95% CI -48.09 to -2.55, p = 0.003). There was no significant difference between the mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in the experimental group than the control group after 6 h while significantly lower after 24 h. The time of first analgesic demand was significantly longer in the experimental group (WMD 2.19, 95% CI 0.98-3.41). There was no significant difference between 2 groups in terms of operation time, hemoglobin (Hb) alteration, and hospital stay. Conclusion: Local anesthetic infiltration around nephrostomy tract had similar efficacy in the control group in terms of operation time, Hb alteration, and hospital stay, but offers some potential advantages in terms of analgesia requirement, the time of first analgesic demand, and VAS-24 h. However, good quality and large studies with long-term follow-up are warranted for further research.