In recent years, high throughput technologies such as microarray platform have provided a new avenue for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) investigation. Traditionally, gene sets enrichment analysis of survival related genes is commonly used to reveal the underlying functional mechanisms. However, this approach usually produces too many candidate genes and cannot discover detailed signaling transduction cascades, which greatly limits their clinical application such as biomarker development. In this study, we have proposed a network biology approach to discover novel biomarkers from multidimensional omics data. This approach effectively combines clinical survival data with topological characteristics of human protein interaction networks and patients expression profiling data. It can produce novel network based biomarkers together with biological understanding of molecular mechanism. We have analyzed eighty HCC expression profiling arrays and identified that extracellular matrix and programmed cell death are the main themes related to HCC progression. Compared with traditional enrichment analysis, this approach can provide concrete and testable hypothesis on functional mechanism. Furthermore, the identified subnetworks can potentially be used as suitable targets for therapeutic intervention in HCC.
Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of ultrasound-guided and non-guided catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity. Methods From August 2015 to April 2016, 60 patients with lower extremity deep venous thrombosis were randomly divided into two groups ( n = 30 for each) to receive catheter-directed thrombolysis. Group A was treated under the ultrasound guidance, while Group B was treated without guidance. Results Catheter-directed thrombolysis was successfully performed by only one intubate in Group A but by 5.9 intubates in Group B. It took 15.4 ± 3.2 min in Group A, significantly less than that in Group B (30.8 ± 6.6 min, p < 0.05). The incidences of hematoma were also remarkably different between the two groups (3.33% vs. 26.67%, p = 0.026). No pseudoaneurysm or arteriovenous fistula was found in Group A, but there were two cases of pseudoaneurysm and two cases of arteriovenous fistula in Group B (both 6.67%, p = 0.492). The circumference differences of the affected limb between before and after thrombolysis were 49.47 ± 2.484 mm in Group A, significantly higher than that in Group B (28.40 ± 2.856 mm, p < 0.001). After treatment, the venous unobstructed improvement rates and deep vein patency rate were both better than those in Group B (77 + 2.603% vs. 57.23 + 1.828% and 80% vs. 46.67%, respectively; p < 0.001). There were only three cases of PTS in Group A (10%, 3/30), but there were 11 cases in Group B (36.67%, 11/30). Conclusion Ultrasound-guided catheter-directed thrombolysis has advantages, with improvement of venous patency and decrease of the incidence of PTS.
in this study. Also, additional anticoagulation therapy did not reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events, which may be related to a higher average age of patients and shorter follow-up duration in this study.In summary, rivaroxaban plus cilostazol achieved a better target vessel patency rate in a shorter period of time in ASO patients after endovascular treatment compared with dual antiplatelet therapy. Future studies with a large-sample, multicenter, randomized, long-term follow-up design are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of different antithrombotic treatment regimens for ASO treatment.
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