The new synthesized DES is used to reduce, which significantly reduces the maintenance cost of biomass refining equipment and provides a feasible way for biomass resource utilization under near-neutral conditions.
Enhanced interspecies electron transfer (IET) among symbiotic microorganisms is an effective method to increase the rate of methane (CH 4 ) production in anaerobic digestion. Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), which does not involve dissolved redox media, is considered an alternative and superior method to enhance methane production by interspecific hydrogen (H 2 ) transfer (IHT). In this study, nickel foam was built into a semicontinuous anaerobic reactor to investigate its effect on the metabolism of propionate and butyrate. Both increased the average yield of CH 4 in anaerobic digestion by 18.1 and 15.9%, respectively. Analysis of bacterial and archaeal communities showed that the addition of nickel foam could increase the relative abundance of microbial communities involved in DIET and could increase the diversity of microorganisms in the reactor. Moreover, the anaerobic digestion performance of the nickel foam reactor was good at high hydrogen partial pressure.
A novel kind of hydrochar adsorbent, modified by CuO-ZnO and derived from chitosan or starch, was synthesized for H2S adsorption. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by BET, XRD, EDX, SEM, and XPS. The results showed that the modified hydrochar contained many amino groups as functional groups, and the nanometer metal oxide particles had good dispersion on the surface of the hydrochar. The maximum sulfur capacity reached 28.06 mg/g-adsorbent under the optimized conditions. The amine group significantly reduced the activation energy between H2S and CuO-ZnO conducive to the rapid diffusion of H2S among the lattices. Simultaneously, cationic polyacrylamide as a steric stabilizer could change the formation process of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles, which made the particle size smaller, enabling them to react with H2S sufficiently easily. This modified hydrochar derived from both chitosan and starch could be a promising adsorbent for H2S removal.
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