Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is an emerging sustainable technology that can spontaneously radiate heat to outer space through an atmospheric transparency window to achieve self-cooling. PDRC has attracted considerable attention and shows great potential for personal thermal management (PTM). However, PDRC polymers are limited to polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and their derivatives. In this study, a series of polymer films based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and their composite films with silica aerogels (aerogel-functionalized TPU (AFTPU)) are prepared using a simple and scalable non-solvent-phase-separation strategy. The TPU and AFTPU films are freestanding, mechanically strong, show high solar reflection up to 94%, and emit strongly in the atmospheric transparency window, thereby achieving subambient cooling of 10.0 and 7.7 °C on a hot summer day for the TPU and AFTPU film (10 wt%), respectively. The AFTPU films can be used as waterproof and moisture permeable coatings for traditional textiles, such as cotton, polyester, and nylon, and the highest temperature drop of 17.6 °C is achieved with respect to pristine nylon fabric, in which both the cooling performance and waterproof properties are highly desirable for the PTM applications. This study opens up a promising route for designing common polymers for highly efficient PDRC.

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PurposeThe aim was to systematically extrapolate the occurrence, risk factors, prognostic characteristics, management and outcome of bone metastases (BM) and skeletal related events (SREs) of breast cancer survivors in the real world clinical setting.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE OvidSP and EBSCO Academic Search Complete was conducted. Published prospective and retrospective papers investigating BM and SREs in breast cancer patients in non-trial settings were identified and systematically reviewed.ResultsTwenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Incidences of BM based on new diagnosis, length of BM-free interval (BMFI) and number and sites of BM were detected by 17 of 24 studies. Seven studies included in the review were subjected to analyses of risk factors for BM. Developments of SREs regarding the occurrence ratio of total and specific SREs, SERs-free interval (SREFI) and the first-line therapy for SREs were observed in 16 of 24 studies. Out of 5 studies, we extracted uni- and multivariate analysis of risk factor for SREs and out of 16 studies - predictors for survival in breast cancer patients with BM.ConclusionsBM and SREs are common problems in non-trial breast cancer populations. Patient demographics, clinical stage, tumor pathological type, molecular receptors status are significantly risk factors for incidence of BM, SREs and the survival. The unique characteristics of BM and SREs in breast cancer patients should be taken into account in future randomized controlled trials, as to optimize individual treatment options and assure a maximally long good quality of life.

Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted great interest due to their special functions and wide applications. However, it is still a big challenge to construct a durable superhydrophobic coating for large-scale applications due to its easy destruction by the mechanochemical attack. In this mini-review, we present the state-ofthe-art developments in the rational design of mechanochemical durable and self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces. First, the mechanically durable superhydrophobic surfaces are constructed to endure mechanical damage by adjusting the surface morphology and increasing the binding force between the substrates and the modified materials. Second, chemical damages also have been taken into consideration to develop chemically robust superhydrophobic surfaces, such as chemical etching, ultraviolet (UV)-light irradiation, and bioerosion, etc. Third, endowing superhydrophobic coatings with self-healing function can effectively improve the durability and prolong the lifespan of the coatings by releasing low-surface-energy agents or regenerating topographic structures. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in developing super durable bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces by structure design and chemistry control are discussed. The innovative points provided in this mini-review will provide deep fundamental insight for prolonging the lifetime of the superhydrophobic surfaces and enable their practical applications in the near future.