The transition to clean and low-carbon energy is an irresistible trend globally that drives the scale of trade in the global LNG market to grow continuously. The paper reviews the global LNG trade in 2020 and forecasts the future LNG supply and demand. On this basis, the costs in segments of a LNG project are analysed from the perspective of the LNG industry chain. The feasibility of export from LNG projects and the preferred target markets are determined by calculating the economic index of projects. It is concluded that the possibility of future rebound in oil prices and the demand growth in the incremental market in emerging Asian countries are most likely to determine the capacity scales of new LNG projects around the world and contribute to a dynamic balance in the LNG market in the medium- and longterm. The costs in different segments of the LNG industry chain vary greatly with the availability of resources and markets. The economics of LNG export depend on the demand for LNG imports in end markets, the cost plus in different segments of the industrial chain, and the affordability of end consumers. Through the cost and economic analysis on typical LNG Projects, Qatar is found still the most economical and highly profitable country in the global LNG export market nowadays. Unsatisfactory economic performance is a common reason for delayed investments in many large LNG projects in Australia and other countries.
CO2 injection to strengthen shale gas development is a new technology to improve shale gas recovery and realize geologic sequestration. Many scholars have studied these aspects of this technology: mechanism of CO2 displacement CH4, CO2 and CH4 adsorption capacity, affecting factors of shale adsorption CO2, CO2 displacement numerical simulation, and supercritical CO2 flooding CH4 advantages. Research shows that CO2 can exchange CH4 in shale formations, improve shale gas recovery, on the other hand shale formations is suitable for CO2 sequestration because shale gas reservoir is compact. The supercritical CO2 has advantages such as large fluid diffusion coefficient, CO2 dissolution in water to form carbonic acid that can effectively improve the formation pore permeability etc., so the displacement efficiency of supercritical CO2 is high. But at present the technology study mainly focus on laboratory and numerical simulation, there is still a big gap to industrial application, need to study combined effect of influence factors, suitable CO2 injection parameter in different shale gas reservoir, CO2 injection risk and solutions etc.
Abstract. Gulf of Mexico(GoM) is the earliest deep-water oilfields that have been developed. Especially after the 2010's BP oil leakage accident, more and more efficient, safe and inexpensive development key technology have been put into use in this area. Therefore, researching on this important deep-water area tends to be reference valuable to development of deep-water oilfields all over the world. This paper analysis the developing concept in recent 10 years and the EPC contract price of deep-water ocean engineering construction expenditure in GoM. By running the biggest cost database of software QUE$TOR and analyzing the cost data of result, the analysis and forecast have been done for the deep-water oil and gas development expenditure in GoM, exploring the relevance between the cost index and oil price.
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