BackgroundSince late 2011, cases of suspected canine pseudorabies have increased in north China with the outbreak of swine pseudorabies in the same area, but the pathogenesis of canine Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infections in China is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the pathogenesis of canine pseudorabies.MethodsThe pathological changes in 13 dogs that died of natural PRV infections (confirmed by pathogen detection) during 2011–2013 in Beijing were evaluated. An experimental study was also conducted in which healthy adult beagle dogs were administered PRV isolate BJ-YT by subcutaneous injection. The dog tissues were subjected to gross and microscopic examinations and immunohistochemical analysis and the dogs’ serum cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) was measured.ResultsSystemic hemorrhage and/or congestion were the most marked pathological changes in both the naturally and experimentally PRV-infected dogs. Macroscopically, the major lesions consisted of petechiae and ecchymoses in both the endocardium and epicardium, thrombi in the mitral valves, hemorrhage in the lungs and thymus, and incomplete contraction of the spleen. Microscopically, the major histopathological findings were systemic hemorrhage and congestion, nonsuppurative ganglioneuritis (in the experimentally infected dogs, unexamined in the naturally PRV-infected dogs), brainstem encephalitis (in the naturally infected dogs), necrosis or exudation in the myocardium, and lymphoid depletion in many lymphoid organs and tissues. Viral antigens were only detected in the brainstems and peripheral ganglia of the infected dogs. Serum cTn-I was significantly higher in the experimentally PRV-infected dogs with myocardial lesions than in the dogs without myocardial lesions.ConclusionsBased on these results, we conclude that virally induced systemic hemorrhage, peripheral nervous system pathology, and/or cardiac injury can individually or collectively cause death in PRV-infected dogs. The respiratory signs of the disease are attributed to cardiogenic lesions.
SUMMARYIn the present study a solid-phase radioimmune assay was used for the demonstration of herpes simplex virus-specific IgG and secretory IgA antibodies in the lacrimal fluid from patients with active recurrent herpes keratitis. The method was quantitative and made it possible to test specifically for the production of secretory IgA antibodies produced during an active herpes simplex virus infection. The production of secretory IgA was followed in 2 patients with fresh recurrent lesions. The HSV-specific secretory IgA could be demonstrated during the first 10 days of infection, where the maximal concentration was reached 3-5 days after the first symptoms occurred. The secretory antibodies were locally produced, and it is shown for the first time that herpes virus-specific secretory antibodies were of diagnostic value.Herpes keratitis is the most frequent cause of comeal opacities in developed countries, and because of its tendency to recurrence the infection often causes irreversible damage, followed in severe cases by the development of blindness.' Usually the diagnosis is based mainly on clinical evidence. However, herpes keratitis has various atypical manifestations which often makes it difficult to give an exact diagnosis. In the present study we used a radioimmune assay developed for the detection of SIgA reactive specifically with HSV. The presence of the virus-specific SIgA in lacrimal fluid from a limited number of patients with active herpes keratitis and from control persons was studied. The HSV-specific SIgA was found only in the lacrimal fluid from the patients, and the possible role of the test for the diagnosis of herpes simplex infections of the eye is discussed. Materials and methods PATIENTS AND CONTROLSSeven patients and 7 controls were selected as follows.The 7 patients (nos. 1 to 7) suffered from different types of herpetic keratitis. In the case of recurrent herpetic keratitis tears were collected in the active phase-so-called fresh recurrency-when the epithelial defects were present. Between herpetic attacks these patients are inactive from a clinical point of view. Patient no. 4 had suffered from a first-time herpetic keratitis, but it had shown a prolonged
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