On-surface Ullmann coupling reaction of aryl chlorides has been achieved on Cu(111), Ag(111), and Au(111), and the mechanism has been investigated on the single molecule level using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. The different reactivity of the aryl halides was utilized to design a stepwise on-surface synthesis, which affords a zigzag template and then converts to 2D porous networks.
We presented the results on the fabrication and characterization of high-quality heterojunction between p-type diamond single-crystalline film and n-type cubic boron nitride (c-BN) bulk single crystal. By employing a simple surface diffusion, we prepared the n-type c-BN bulk single crystals with relatively low resistivity (1.0×10−1 Ω cm). Combining p-type diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition with n-type c-BN, we fabricated a high-quality heterojunction bipolar p–n diode, which the turn-on voltage of the heterojunction was 0.85 V, and the current density reached to 170 A/m2 when the forward bias was applied to 3 V.
We have chosen three aspects to analyze the sustainable growth level of a city. There are economic status, social status and ecological environment. First, for the sustainable growth level, we have developed four levels: Excellent, Good, Moderate, Bad. And we establish a city sustainable development evaluation index system. Second, we use the index system to calculate the current sustainable growth level according to the city's current situation. Third, we analyze it and propose reasonable recommendations to get new urban development plan. Finally, we evaluate the new plan. In addition, we have a sensitivity analysis of our analysis model.
Over the past 10 years, the rapid urbanization in China has brought profound impact on China economy and society, and had certain influence on urban micro-climate. Taking Jinan city as an example, based on the model about the relation between the urban development and urban climate change, the trend of Jinan temperature and precipitation are analyzed, the relative impact between the urban climate and the urban development is studied. The results show that there are noticeable Heat Island Effect and Rain Island Effect in Jinan, the impact on the urban climate change caused by the urban development could not precisely match the Kuznets Curve in Jinan.
As a comprehensive industry, Tourisms development can faster the overall ascension of a city. The multiplier effects caused by tourism attract more and more researchers attention. . Jinan is an open city which is famous for its springs. At present, the evaluation about the chain effects of Jinan tourism effect is still vacant. Taking Jinan as an example, from three aspects including economy, society and ecology by empirical analysis, the cascading positive influence that the spring tourism brought to Jinan is discussed. And it conformed that spring tourism development is of far-reaching significance for Jinan from different angles, such as accelerating tertiary industry development, the industrial structure optimization, increasing the foreign exchange income, industrial branding, urbanization develop with a faster speed, a profound impact on spiritual value, local traditional folk revival, the awakening of consciousness of ecological civilization , increasing green area and reforming urban environment and reducing the environmental pollution.
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