As a bottom-up, grassroots paradigm for sustainable rural development, agroecology is particularly promising for smallholders in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. However, by adopting agroecology, smallholders will be challenged to take on new perspectives and compile and integrate different sourced information to innovate. Today’s fast evolving information and communications technology in sub-Saharan Africa represents great opportunities for rural populations to enhance the adoption and success of agroecology and to address their daunting challenges simultaneously while conserving, protecting and enhancing natural resources. Agroecology combined with information and communications technology will probably be smallholders’ “precision agriculture” in many developing countries to enhance their food security and livelihood.
Macau is known for its developed Casino industry. In 2007, the revenue from the Gaming industry for the first time surpassed Las Vegas and Macau became the top Gaming City in the world. Although Macau benefited a lot from the gaming industry, its monopoly status in the social economics became one of the unstable factors to the sustainable development of Macau. Diversification is obviously important when Macau encountered financial crisis and a tough policy on the Mainland residences' visit to Macau. At the same time, Macau won the award of World Culture Heritage for its historical and cultural district in 2005, the World Culture Heritage Sites added new factors to the local attractions. Based on the past studies, the culture tourism is a very important sector in the tourism market; it stands for one of the future trends in the tourism development. To the regional development, the culture tourism can lead to economic promotion, culture upgrade and image-rebuilding. It can also promote the development of economic diversification, creating diversified development mode, and optimizing the visitor structure. Obviously, developed culture tourism can be one of the triggers to a better image, more versatile attractions and a sustainable Macau. The development status of the culture tourism in Macau should be defined both from the angle of tourists' experience and the angle of the economics. The purpose of this research is to test the effects of the World Culture Heritage sites on diversification of Macau's local economy, analyzing the feasibility of taking culture tourism as a chance to promote the diversification of Macau's tourism economy. The methods that were used during the research include the survey, observation and literature analysis. A total 300 questionnaires were distributed, where 215 questionnaires were successfully completed during the survey. At the same time, observation on the behavior of the tourist was carried out. On the basis of the information acquired from the survey and observation, the development status of the Macau culture tourism was described and further suggestion on the diversification of the Macau's industry were provided.
The difficult airways caused by congenital or acquired variations are one of the major challenges in clinical anesthesia. The airway tools, airway stents, patches and others nowadays are produced in fixed specification, with complex process, long cycle and poor tissue compatibility, which may increase the risk of infection and difficultly meet the airway variations and airway surgeries. In addition, young anesthesiologists need long time of training before they can independently deal with the difficulty airway. Three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing technology is a promising method in solving clinical airway problems. This article intends to make a summary and prospect of related areas.
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