Structural temperature is an important loading that must be considered during the design, construction, and safety assessment. The thermal action of supertall structures has rarely been investigated because of insufficient real measurement data, as compared with that on bridges. In this study, the thermal action of the 600-m-tall Canton Tower is investigated on the basis of the comprehensive long-term SHM system installed on the structure and the numerical simulation. First, the temperature model of the entire structure is derived by using the field monitoring and numerical heat transfer analysis data. In particular, (i) the temperature difference between different facades of the inner tube, (ii) the temperature difference profile of the outer tube, and (iii) the distribution of the temperature difference between the inner and outer tubes along the structural height are presented in detail. Results show that the nonuniform distribution of the temperature field between the different components of the structure is significant and should be carefully considered in the analysis of such a complex supertall structure. Second, the temperature effects on structural displacement, stress, and internal forces consisting of (i) the tower top horizontal displacement during different seasons, (ii) the stresses of different levels/components, and (iii) the bending moments/shear forces along the structural height are investigated. The simulated results obtained by using the global finite element model of the tower are verified through a comparison with the measurements. This study provides first-hand data for the design of supertall structures in the tropical region of China.
Background
The aim of this study is to compare the effects of icariin and teriparatide on the treatment of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) using a rat model.
Methods
Fifty rats undergoing ovariectomy were randomly assigned to control group (n = 10) and the MRONJ model group (n = 40). Zoledronic acid (0.2 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) were injected into rats in the model group for 8 weeks while saline was applied in control group, then all rats underwent tooth extraction and bone defect. Eight weeks later, rats diagnosed with MRONJ (n = 33) were randomly distributed to icariin (n = 11), teriparatide (n = 11), and the untreated (n = 11) group, and rats received daily 150 mg/kg icariin, 20 µg/kg teriparatide, and no intervention, respectively, for 8 weeks. Then, mandibulars were dissected for later examination.
Results
Rats diagnosed with MRONJ (33/40) demonstrated significantly larger area of soft tissue wound and necrotic bone with higher ratio of empty bone lacuna. Area of soft tissue wound and ratio of empty bone lacuna were significantly decreased in the icariin group compared with the untreated group, while teriparatide group revealed significantly higher ratio of receptor activator of NF‐kB ligand (RANKL)‐positive osteocytes, smaller area of necrotic bone and lower ratio of empty lacuna. The two agents were related to higher expression of BMP‐2 in osteocytes but were not statistically significant.
Conclusions
Icariin benefits MRONJ in terms of the area of soft tissue wound and ratio of empty lacuna. Teriparatide activates expression of RANKL and reduces the area of bone necrosis and ratio of empty lacuna in a MRONJ lesion. The data suggest possible healing improvement in patients with MRONJ and further studies to prove the efficacy of icariin.
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