Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), a type of functional food, possesses potent antioxidant activity. In this study, GSPE protected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells from HO-induced cell injury and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The key effective constituents that exerted the most potent antioxidative activity in GSPE were screened by using a modified ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS) integrated 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation antioxidative activity analysis system. Two compounds, which were presumed to be Procyanidin B2 and Procyanidin C2, showed obvious antioxidant activity. HO scavenging effect of Procyanidin B2 in HEK 293 cells was visualized in situ by a molecular imaging technique via a novel -borylbenzyloxycarbonyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (NBCD) fluorescent probe to detect levels of HO. In conclusion, the application of UPLC-Q/TOF MS integrated modified ABTS radical cation antioxidative activity analysis system and NBCD fluorescent probe successfully screened out and confirmed the antioxidative components from GSPE.
Study Design. A cross-sectional study. Objective. To translate and cross-culturally adapt back pain function scale (BPFS) into a simplified Chinese version (SC-BPFS), and evaluate the reliability and validity of SC-BPFS in patients with low back pain. Summary of Background Data. The BPFS is a reliable and valid evaluation instrument for low back pain. However, simplified Chinese version of BPFS has not been validated. Methods. Cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the internationally recognized guidelines of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Outcome Committee. Onehundred and sixty-two participants with low back pain (LBP) were included in this study. Reliability was tested based on testretest reliability and internal consistency. We calculated Cronbach alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was analyzed by evaluating the correlations between SC-BPFS and the Oswestry disability index (ODI), the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the short form (36) health survey (SF-36).Results. The original version of the BPFS was cross-culturally well adapted and translated into simplified Chinese. Each item of the SC-BPFS was properly responded and correlated with the total items. SC-BPFS had good reliability (Cronbach alpha ¼ 0.847, intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] ¼ 0.891, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.864-0.914). Elimination of any one item in all did not result in a value of Cronbach alpha of <0.80. SC-BPFS had a high correlation with ODI (0.712, P < 0.01) and a moderate correlation with VAS (0.484, P < 0.01). And it was also fairly to very well correlated with physical domains of SF-36 (0.334-0.632, P < 0.01), and not correlated with mental domains of SF-36 (0.022-0.119, P > 0.05). Conclusion. SC-BPFS demonstrated outstanding acceptability, internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity, and could be recommended for patients with LBP in Mainland China.
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